H H C-C-NH, H ČOOH Tyrosine но Typine bydronyle H H C-C-NH, но Dopa HO ČOOH L-Aromatic amine acid dectenylat но C-CH,-NH, Dopamine но Depmins hydneyban H C-CH,-NH, Norepinephrine HO HO Phenylehancie HO C-CH,-N он Epinephrine CH но 3.
H H C-C-NH, H ČOOH Tyrosine но Typine bydronyle H H C-C-NH, но Dopa HO ČOOH L-Aromatic amine acid dectenylat но C-CH,-NH, Dopamine но Depmins hydneyban H C-CH,-NH, Norepinephrine HO HO Phenylehancie HO C-CH,-N он Epinephrine CH но 3.
Chemistry
10th Edition
ISBN:9781305957404
Author:Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCoste
Publisher:Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCoste
Chapter1: Chemical Foundations
Section: Chapter Questions
Problem 1RQ: Define and explain the differences between the following terms. a. law and theory b. theory and...
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Circle the functional groups present in these compounds and identify them.
Transcribed Image Text:The image depicts a biochemical pathway illustrating the synthesis of catecholamines from the amino acid tyrosine. Here is a detailed explanation of each step shown in the diagram:
1. **Tyrosine**:
- Chemical Structure: Contains a benzene ring, a hydroxyl group (OH), an amino group (NH2), and a carboxyl group (COOH).
- Reaction: Tyrosine undergoes hydroxylation.
2. **Dopa**:
- Enzyme: Tyrosine hydroxylase facilitates the conversion of tyrosine to Dopa by adding a hydroxyl group.
- Chemical Structure: Similar to tyrosine, but with an additional hydroxyl group on the benzene ring.
3. **Dopamine**:
- Enzyme: L-aromatic amino acid decarboxylase converts Dopa into Dopamine by removing the carboxyl group.
- Chemical Structure: Contains a benzene ring, two hydroxyl groups, and an amine group.
4. **Norepinephrine**:
- Enzyme: Dopamine β-hydroxylase catalyzes the addition of a hydroxyl group to form Norepinephrine.
- Chemical Structure: Contains a benzene ring with two hydroxyl groups and an ethylamine side chain with an additional hydroxyl group.
5. **Epinephrine**:
- Enzyme: Phenylethanolamine N-methyltransferase completes the final step, converting Norepinephrine to Epinephrine by adding a methyl group to the amine.
- Chemical Structure: Consists of a benzene ring, two hydroxyl groups, and a methylated ethylamine side chain.
Each step reflects a specific enzyme-catalyzed reaction necessary for the biosynthesis of these important neurotransmitters and hormones.
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