**Educational Text Transcription:****Title:** Understanding Isomerism in Alkenes**Content:**1. **Cis-Trans Isomerism in Alkenes:** - The compound 2-pentene exists in cis- and trans- forms, but 1-pentene does not. - Task: Draw out the structures for 2-pentene and 1-pentene and explain why 2-pentene exhibits cis/trans isomerism but 1-pentene does not. - **Explanation:** - **2-Pentene:** This compound can have different spatial arrangements around the double bond, allowing for cis- (same side) and trans- (opposite side) isomerism. - **1-Pentene:** Lacks cis/trans isomerism since the double bond is at the end of the carbon chain, making different spatial arrangements impossible due to identical groups attached.2. **Structural Isomerism in Alkanes:** - Task: Draw and name five (5) structural isomers of heptane.**Note:** Structural isomers have the same molecular formula but different connectivity between their atoms. Heptane, being C7H16, can form various isomers by rearranging the carbon skeleton.**Conclusion:**Exploring isomerism provides insight into the complexity of organic molecules and their three-dimensional arrangements in space, which impacts their chemical properties and applications.

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Chemistry: Matter and Change

1st Edition

ISBN:9780078746376

Author:Dinah Zike, Laurel Dingrando, Nicholas Hainen, Cheryl Wistrom

Publisher:Dinah Zike, Laurel Dingrando, Nicholas Hainen, Cheryl Wistrom

Chapter21: Hydrocarbons

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 59A

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7. How many isomers does hexane have? Draw and name them below. Discussion 1. Consider the following data table of the boiling points of alkanes. Alkanė Boiling Point (°C) Нeptane Propane Pentane 98.5 -42 36 Butane 0.5 Methane -161 Ethane -88.5 Hexane On a separate piece of graph paper, make a line graph of this data. Be sure to label the axes and give the graph a title. Based on information contained in the table, predict the approximate boiling point of hexane, and explain why.
Solve 2.
A chemist named the compound below 4-isobutylheptane. Is this correct? If yes, explain why. If no, explain why and write the correct name. Edit View Insert Format Tools Table Paragraph | BIU 12pt v IT IS CORRECT BECAUSE THE ISOBUTYL IS ON THE 4TH CARBON CHAIN
QUESTION 4 Compare Structure A and Structure B. H. H. H. Structure A Structure B Do these structures depict the same molecule, different molecules, or are they constitutional isomers? Choose the best description for the relationship between these two structures. (Hint: Convert both Newman projections to wedge-dash structures and compare their connectivity.) O A. The two structures depict the same molecule but in different conformations. O B. The two structures depict the same molecule and they are both in the same conformation. O C. These two molecules are constitutional isomers. O. D. These two molecules are not isomers. They have different molecular formulas.
Indicate whether each molecule is an aliphatic or an aromatic hydrocarbon. If it is aliphatic, identify the molecule as an alkane, cycloalkane, an alkene, or an alkyne. Separate your answer with a dash. Example. ALIPHATIC HYDROCARBON-CYCLOALKANE * H H C -C. H.
III. Essay. Answer the following questions concisely. 1. Ether and alcohol are functional isomers. Give the functional isomer of 3- Methoxyhexane. Name and draw the condensed structural formula of this alcohol. 2. Both dimethyl ether and ethanol has the same molecular mass because they are functional isomers. Why is dimethyl ether a gas at room temperature while ethanol is a liquid? 3. Why has use of MTBE as a gasoline additive been discontinued in the United States?
5) Provide your own list of alkanes. They can not be the same structure but should all have the same number of carbons. (see the problem solving video for an example) Rank them in order of increasing melting point. You can not have the same example as someone else.
4. Draw simple molecules that contain the following functional groups. Draw as skeleton structures, as shown above - do not draw carbons, but only lines to represent bonds between them. Do not draw hydrogens if they are attached to a carbon atom. а. Carboxylic Асid b. Halide с. Ester d. Amine e. Ketone f. Aldehyde
Type out something that stands out for each of them. example. Alkanes---has only C and H. No doh or or triple bonds. 1. Phenols 2. Aldehydes 3. Ketones 4. Esters 5. Amines 6. Amides
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2. Draw simple organic molecules that contain the following functional groups. f. Cycloalkane g. Amine h. Ether i. Ester j. Aldehyde

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The compound 2-pentene exists in cis- and trans- forms, but 1-pentene does not. Draw out the structures for 2-pentene and 1-pentene and explain why 2-pentene exhibits cis/trans isomerism but 1-pentene does not.