Part I: Hydrocarbon Structures and Names. INSTRUCTIONS: For each row in the table, you are given one of these four items: the line bond Hydrocarbon Structure Activity structure, the condensed structure, the skeletal structure, or the molecule's name. Use the given information to fill-in the other three items in the row. For the cyclic compound (fourth row), draw a side-view instead of a skeletal structure. LINE BOND STRUCTURE CONDENSED STRUCTURE HI H H # +H-C²-H₂₁₂ H-C-HH 1 A-C-C-C-C-C-GH 1 HHHHH H H Н Н Н |H-C-C=C- C-Ć - H H H H-C-C=(-C-C-H AL-HA J HL H Η HICIN H HIC E-6-E 1 1 H H H HAH Zc 20 H H CIHHIC T C-H # H-C H H c_cbccc-H 14 II H HIGIHHICIA HIGIHHICIE H Н 1 H CICIH H CH3 CH=CH-CH₂-Cit-CH₂ - CH₂ CH3-CEC-CH₂-CH3 CHH нас F C CH3 1 H CH₂ 3CH₂CH3 H -CH3 C-4 CH3 SKELETAL STRUCTURE CH₂CH3 CH3-CH₂-CH-CH-CH₂-CH₂-CH₂-CH₂ CH₂-CH₂-CH₂ I have added dots to indicate the position of carbon atoms. Draw the side-view 2 ***** NAME 2,4-dimethylhexane 2-pentyne trans-2-pentyne trans-1,2- dimethylcyclopentane 3-ethyl- 4-propyl- octane
Introduction to Organic Chemistry
The field of chemistry which deals with the studies of reactions, structures, and properties of organic compounds that comprise carbon bonded through covalent bonding is organic chemistry. The studies regarding the structure of organic compounds could be determined with the help of structural formulas. In order to know about the behavior of organic compounds, a study on the properties has to be done. Both physical properties and chemical properties, the origin of chemical reactivity come under the study regarding the properties of organic compounds. The chemical preparation of polymers, drugs, natural products, and the study of separate organic molecules in the lab come under the study of organic reactions.
Vinyl Group
Vinyl group is the name given to the functional group of -CH=CH2. It can be seen as an ethene molecule with one less hydrogen in number. Hence it is also called as ethenyl group at times.
Straight Chain Hydrocarbons
The requirement to identify each compound needs a richer number of words than informative prefixes like n and iso. The identification of organic molecules is made easier by the use of systematic nomenclature schemes. The organic chemistry nomenclature has two types: traditional and systematic. Common names arise in many forms, but share the characteristic that a link through name and form is unnecessary. The name that matches a certain structure clearly must be remembered as knowing a person's name. In contrast, systemic names, including an overall common set of laws, are locked specifically to the chemical structure.
Unsaturated Hydrocarbon
Following are few examples of alkenes with their general molecular as well as their structural formulas:
Conjugated Compounds in Organic Chemistry
The delocalization of electrons in a molecule is called conjugation in organic chemistry. This delocalisation process of electrons leads to the shortenings or elongations of chemical bonds, but at the same time it causes changes in the chemical properties in conjugated molecules as compared to the non-conjugated ones. For example, conjugated molecules absorb light at longer wavelengths.
Alpha Carbon And Alpha Protons
The carbon directly attached to the functional group in an organic molecule is referred to as the alpha carbon and the hydrogen attached to an alpha carbon are termed as the alpha hydrogens or alpha protons. These alpha carbon atoms and alpha hydrogen atoms are of importance because they undergo certain characteristic reactions in organic chemistry.
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The rules of IUPAC nomenclature are
(i) Longest chain rule: The chain containing the principal functional group, secondary functional group and multiple bonds as many as possible is the longest possible chain i.e. the chain containing the maximum number of C-atoms will be the longest possible chain.
(ii) Lowest number rule: Numbering is done in such a way so that
- Branching if present gets the lowest number.
- The sum of numbers of side chain is lowest.
- Principal functional group gets the lowest number.
(iii) Naming the prefixes and suffixes: Prefix represents the substituent and suffix is used for principal functional group.
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