The complete catabolism of glucose into CO2 and H2O generally yields a smaller amount of ATP in aerobic eukaryotes than in aerobic prokaryotes because the aerobic eukaryotes:generate more molecules of FADH2 during aerobic respirationhave transport costs to get NADH into the mitochondriongenerate more molecules of NADH during aerobic respirationare able to use pyruvate as a substrate for fermentationalways produce ethanol rather than lactic acid as a byproduct

Aerobic respiration is defined as the aerobic breakdown (in the presence of oxygen) of nutrients like glucose into carbon dioxide, water, and energy, with the help of an electron transport system. Molecular oxygen serves as the final acceptor of an electron in the chain.The correct option is 2. One molecule of glucose, when oxidized in prokaryotes by aerobic respiration, yields 38 ATP molecules (4 from substrate-level phosphorylation and 34 from oxidative phosphorylation). In contrast, eukaryotic cell generally yields 36 to 38 molecules of ATP. The main reason behind the lesser number of ATP molecules in eukaryotes as compared to prokaryotes is that aerobic respiration takes place in mitochondria as well as in cytoplasm in the case of eukaryotes. As there are no mitochondria present in the prokaryotes, the whole process of aerobic respiration takes place in the cytoplasm. In eukaryotes, the ETC is present in the mitochondrial inner membrane. As a result, the NADH that is produced during glycolysis (in the cytoplasm) need to be transported to the mitochondria. This an energy-requiring process and consumes 2 molecules of ATP.

Answered: The complete catabolism of glucose into…

Biochemistry

9th Edition

ISBN:9781319114671

Author:Lubert Stryer, Jeremy M. Berg, John L. Tymoczko, Gregory J. Gatto Jr.

Publisher:Lubert Stryer, Jeremy M. Berg, John L. Tymoczko, Gregory J. Gatto Jr.

Chapter1: Biochemistry: An Evolving Science

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 1P

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The complete catabolism of glucose into CO₂ and H₂O generally yields a smaller amount of ATP in aerobic eukaryotes than in aerobic prokaryotes because the aerobic eukaryotes:

generate more molecules of FADH₂ during aerobic respiration
have transport costs to get NADH into the mitochondrion
generate more molecules of NADH during aerobic respiration
are able to use pyruvate as a substrate for fermentation
always produce ethanol rather than lactic acid as a byproduct

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