The city of Ten Sleep proposes to use Crater Lake for its water supply. The plan is to treat 3,500 m 3 /d by direct filtration. The first customer is adjacent to the plant. The raw water analysis is shown below. The city council is concerned about safety and the lack of skilled operating personnel. The available space at the site is restricted. 1. Determine the total removal/inactivation required. 2. Determine the credits for physical removal. 3. Determine the credits required for inactivation by disinfection. 4. Select the primary disinfectant. 5. Determine the required Ct to achieve the required inactivation for the design conditions (pH, temperature). Crater Lake water analysis
Reservoir and Streamflow Routing
In hydrology, a reservoir is usually a natural pond that is enlarged or made using a dam to keep the water clean. Reservoirs or dams can be constructed in several ways, including controlling the existing watercourse, disrupting the watercourse to form embayment within it, by digging or building any number of retaining walls.
Water Resource Systems Analysis
Water resources are natural water sources that may be as useful as water sources. 97% of the world's water is saltwater and only 3% is pure water; just over two-thirds of this ice sheet is located in glaciers. The remaining pure frozen water is found primarily as groundwater, with only a small fraction present above the ground or in the air. Natural sources of freshwater include surface water, under river flow, groundwater, and ice water. Artificial water sources can include treated wastewater (recycled water) and saline seawater.
The city of Ten Sleep proposes to use Crater Lake for its water supply. The plan is to treat 3,500 m 3 /d by direct filtration. The first customer is adjacent to the plant. The raw water analysis is shown below. The city council is concerned about safety and the lack of skilled operating personnel. The available space at the site is restricted.
1. Determine the total removal/inactivation required.
2. Determine the credits for physical removal.
3. Determine the credits required for inactivation by disinfection.
4. Select the primary disinfectant.
5. Determine the required Ct to achieve the required inactivation for the design conditions
(pH, temperature).
Crater Lake water analysis
Raw Water
TOC: <1.0 mg/L
Bromide: Not detected
Turbidity: <5 NTU
Giardia cysts: <1/100 L
Virus: <1/100 L
Cryptosporidium oocysts: <0.075/L
Treated Water
Turbidity: <0.3 NTU
pH: 7.5
Temperature: 5oC
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