The carbonyl carbon is electrophilic and can undergo nucleophilic attack by carbon, oxygen, sulfur and nitrogen-containing nucleophiles. In this tutorial, we will focus on oxygen-containing nucleophiles, which form hydrates, hemiacetals and acetals. This tutorial will cover 1. formation of geminal diols or hydrates and when this reaction is favorable 2. formation of hemiacetals 3. formation of acetals 4. hydrolysis of hemiacetals and acetals 5. acetals as protecting groups Ⓒ Macmillan Learning Step 4: The acetal formation mechanism is also reversible. The reaction can be driven in the forward reaction by using an excess of alcohol and driven in the reverse direction by using an excess of water. Analyze the reaction shown: excess H₂O* ? Select the product(s) of the reaction. OH HOCH₂CH₂OH Å -OH

The carbonyl carbon is electrophilic and can undergo nucleophilic attack by carbon, oxygen, sulfur and nitrogen-containing nucleophiles. In this tutorial, we will focus on oxygen-containing nucleophiles, which form hydrates, hemiacetals and acetals. This tutorial will cover 1. formation of geminal diols or hydrates and when this reaction is favorable 2. formation of hemiacetals 3. formation of acetals 4. hydrolysis of hemiacetals and acetals 5. acetals as protecting groups Ⓒ Macmillan Learning Step 4: The acetal formation mechanism is also reversible. The reaction can be driven in the forward reaction by using an excess of alcohol and driven in the reverse direction by using an excess of water. Analyze the reaction shown: excess H₂O* ? Select the product(s) of the reaction. OH HOCH₂CH₂OH Å -OH

Chemistry

10th Edition

ISBN:9781305957404

Author:Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCoste

Publisher:Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCoste

Chapter1: Chemical Foundations

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 1RQ: Define and explain the differences between the following terms. a. law and theory b. theory and...

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