the Calvin cycle. The Calvin cycle has three stages. In carbon fixation, the enzyme RuBisCO captures carbon dioxide. In reduction, the carbon is incorporated into sugar. In regeneration, RuBP is regenerated so that the cycle can continue. Photorespiration is where, in the presence of nitrogen, RuBisCO accidently oxidizes RuBP and releases carbon dioxide. C3 plants have no adaptation to this and lose about 25% of their carbon this way. C4 plants use their bundle-sheath cells to isolate RuBisCO and this radically decreases the amount of carbon lost.
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n photosynthesis, a plant captures light energy and uses it to transform hydrogen and carbon dioxide into glucose and nitrogen. Photosynthesis occurs inside of a chloroplast. A chloroplast is a double membrane bound organelle that is filled with stroma and has stacks of thylakoid disks called grana. Chlorophyll is the pigment in chloroplasts that allow it to capture light and it absorbs all light except green light.
Photosynthesis has two main reactions: the light reactions and the Calvin cycle. The light reactions occur in the stroma. Light is captured by photosystem II and is used to split water into hydrogen and oxygen. This release of energy is passed to the electron transport chain to produce ATP. The remaining energy is passed and more light is captured by photosystem I and is used to make NADPH. The ATP and NADPH move into the thylakoid disks and is used in the Calvin cycle. The Calvin cycle has three stages. In carbon fixation, the enzyme RuBisCO captures carbon dioxide. In reduction, the carbon is incorporated into sugar. In regeneration, RuBP is regenerated so that the cycle can continue.
Photorespiration is where, in the presence of nitrogen, RuBisCO accidently oxidizes RuBP and releases carbon dioxide. C3 plants have no adaptation to this and lose about 25% of their carbon this way. C4 plants use their bundle-sheath cells to isolate RuBisCO and this radically decreases the amount of carbon lost.
In photosynthesis, a plant captures light energy and uses it to transform hydrogen and carbon dioxide into glucose and nitrogen. Photosynthesis occurs inside of a chloroplast. A chloroplast is a double membrane bound organelle that is filled with stroma and has stacks of thylakoid disks called grana. Chlorophyll is the pigment in chloroplasts that allow it to capture light and it absorbs all light except green light.
Photosynthesis has two main reactions: the light reactions and the Calvin cycle. The light reactions occur in the stroma. Light is captured by photosystem II and is used to split water into hydrogen and oxygen. This release of energy is passed to the electron transport chain to produce ATP. The remaining energy is passed and more light is captured by photosystem I and is used to make NADPH. The ATP and NADPH move into the thylakoid disks and is used in the Calvin cycle. The Calvin cycle has three stages. In carbon fixation, the enzyme RuBisCO captures carbon dioxide. In reduction, the carbon is incorporated into sugar. In regeneration, RuBP is regenerated so that the cycle can continue.
Photorespiration is where, in the presence of nitrogen, RuBisCO accidently oxidizes RuBP and releases carbon dioxide. C3 plants have no adaptation to this and lose about 25% of their carbon this way. C4 plants use their bundle-sheath cells to isolate RuBisCO and this radically decreases the amount of carbon lost.
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