The authors of a paper investigated whether water temperature was related to how far a salamander would swim and whether it would swim upstream or downstream. Data for 14 streams with different mean water temperatures where salamander larvae were released are given (approximated from a graph that appeared in the paper). The two variables of interest are x = mean water temperature (°C) and y = net directionality, which was defined as the difference in the relative frequency of the released salamander larvae moving upstream and the relative frequency of released salamander larvae moving downstream. A positive value of net directionality means a higher proportion were moving upstream than downstream. A negative value of net directionality means a higher proportion were moving downstream than upstream. Mean Temperature (x) Net Directionality (y) 6.22 −0.08 8.01 0.25 8.67 −0.14 10.61 0.00 12.5 0.08 11.94 0.03 12.55 −0.07 17.93 0.29 18.34 0.23 19.94 0.24 20.3 0.19 19.12 0.14 17.78 0.05 19.57 0.07 Find the equation of the least-squares line describing the relationship between y = net directionality and x = mean water temperature. (Round your numerical values to four decimal places.) What value of net directionality would you predict for a stream that had mean water temperature of 17°C? (Round your answer to four decimal places.)

MATLAB: An Introduction with Applications

6th Edition

ISBN:9781119256830

Author:Amos Gilat

Publisher:Amos Gilat

Chapter1: Starting With Matlab

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 1P

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The authors of a paper investigated whether water temperature was related to how far a salamander would swim and whether it would swim upstream or downstream. Data for 14 streams with different mean water temperatures where salamander larvae were released are given (approximated from a graph that appeared in the paper).

The two variables of interest are x = mean water temperature (°C) and y = net directionality, which was defined as the difference in the relative frequency of the released salamander larvae moving upstream and the relative frequency of released salamander larvae moving downstream. A positive value of net directionality means a higher proportion were moving upstream than downstream. A negative value of net directionality means a higher proportion were moving downstream than upstream.

Mean Temperature (x)	Net Directionality (y)
6.22	−0.08
8.01	0.25
8.67	−0.14
10.61	0.00
12.5	0.08
11.94	0.03
12.55	−0.07
17.93	0.29
18.34	0.23
19.94	0.24
20.3	0.19
19.12	0.14
17.78	0.05
19.57	0.07

Find the equation of the least-squares line describing the relationship between y = net directionality and x = mean water temperature. (Round your numerical values to four decimal places.)

What value of net directionality would you predict for a stream that had mean water temperature of 17°C? (Round your answer to four decimal places.)

Definition Definition Measure of central tendency that is the average of a given data set. The mean value is evaluated as the quotient of the sum of all observations by the sample size. The mean, in contrast to a median, is affected by extreme values. Very large or very small values can distract the mean from the center of the data. Arithmetic mean: The most common type of mean is the arithmetic mean. It is evaluated using the formula: μ = 1 N ∑ i = 1 N x i Other types of means are the geometric mean, logarithmic mean, and harmonic mean. Geometric mean: The nth root of the product of n observations from a data set is defined as the geometric mean of the set: G = x 1 x 2 ... x n n Logarithmic mean: The difference of the natural logarithms of the two numbers, divided by the difference between the numbers is the logarithmic mean of the two numbers. The logarithmic mean is used particularly in heat transfer and mass transfer. ln x 2 − ln x 1 x 2 − x 1 Harmonic mean: The inverse of the arithmetic mean of the inverses of all the numbers in a data set is the harmonic mean of the data. 1 1 x 1 + 1 x 2 + ...

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