The advocacy group Consumers Concerned About Cereal Cheaters (CCACC) suspects that cereal companies, including Oxford Cereals, are cheating consumers by packaging cereals at less than labeled weights. Recently, the group investigated the package weights of two popular Oxford brand cereals. Open CCACC.pdf to examine the group’s claims and supporting data,and then answer the following questions:Are the data collection procedures that the CCACC uses to form its conclusions flawed? What procedures could the group follow to make its analysis more rigorous?Assume that the two samples of five cereal boxes (one sample for each of two cereal varieties) listed on the CCACC website were collected randomly by organization members. For each sample,calculate the sample mean.assuming that the standard deviation of the process is 15 grams and the population mean is 368 grams, calculate the percentage of all samples for each process that have a sample mean less than the value you calculated in (a).Assuming that the standard deviation is 15 grams, calculate the percentage of individual boxes of cereal that have a weight less than the value you calculated in (a).What, if any, conclusions can you form by using your calcula-tions about the filling processes for the two different cereals?A representative from Oxford Cereals has asked that the CCACC take down its web page discussing shortages in Oxford Cereals boxes. Is this request reasonable? Why or why not?Can the techniques discussed in this chapter be used to prove cheating in the manner alleged by the CCACC? Why or why not? PDF CCACC.pdf:=1 of 283°FPartly sunnyCCACCConsumers Concerned About Cereal CheatersWe at the CCACC of Springville are committed to exposing fraudsin the packaged cereal industry. Recently, we were disappointedto discover that Oxford Cereals has been producing boxes ofcereal that had less cereal than claimed on their boxes.Oxford 0's results:Specifically, CCACC members discovered shortages in two popularcereals: Oxford 0's and Alpine Granola Frosted Flakes withVitamins & Minerals. One member thought her box of Oxford'sPennsylvania Dutch-Style Chocolate Brownie Morning Squares wasshort, but her son had opened the box and had starting eatingthat cereal before we could weigh the box. We did not collectany data on the other Oxford cereals because none of our membersregularly buy those varieties.QFor our investigation, members of our group went to theirfavorite stores and bought 368-gram size boxes of 0's and AlpineGranola Frosted Flakes (about 13 ounces). Boxes were then takenhome and weighed.374372370368366364362360358356354(D1360.4AOxford O's2361.83362.3Box Number and Weightul4364.2D5371.4Continued...CPDF>בר>S5:55 PM9/1/2022503 PDF CCACC.pdf:=2 of 281°FSunnyGramsAlpine Granola Frosted Flakes results:376374372370368and3365.6Box Number and Weight366364362360(D AConsumers Concerned About Cereal Cheaters Page 21366.1Alpine Granola Frosted Flakes2367.24367.85373.5ברWe call on Oxford Cereals president Whitney Lagata to make apublic apology and for Oxford Cereals to issue refunds to allconsumers!CIf you know of other cases of cereal company cheaters please letus know by e-mail or visit us any Saturday by the big weatherballoon display in the Village Mall.PDF2037:32 PM9/1/2022

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Author:Amos Gilat

Publisher:Amos Gilat

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The advocacy group Consumers Concerned About Cereal Cheaters (CCACC) suspects that cereal companies, including Oxford Cereals, are cheating consumers by packaging cereals at less than labeled weights. Recently, the group investigated the package weights of two popular Oxford brand cereals. Open CCACC.pdf to examine the group’s claims and supporting data,and then answer the following questions:

Are the data collection procedures that the CCACC uses to form its conclusions flawed? What procedures could the group follow to make its analysis more rigorous?
Assume that the two samples of five cereal boxes (one sample for each of two cereal varieties) listed on the CCACC website were collected randomly by organization members. For each sample,

calculate the sample mean.
assuming that the standard deviation of the process is 15 grams and the population mean is 368 grams, calculate the percentage of all samples for each process that have a sample mean less than the value you calculated in (a).
Assuming that the standard deviation is 15 grams, calculate the percentage of individual boxes of cereal that have a weight less than the value you calculated in (a).

What, if any, conclusions can you form by using your calcula-tions about the filling processes for the two different cereals?
A representative from Oxford Cereals has asked that the CCACC take down its web page discussing shortages in Oxford Cereals boxes. Is this request reasonable? Why or why not?
Can the techniques discussed in this chapter be used to prove cheating in the manner alleged by the CCACC? Why or why not?

PDF CCACC.pdf
:=
1 of 2
83°F
Partly sunny
CCACC
Consumers Concerned About Cereal Cheaters
We at the CCACC of Springville are committed to exposing frauds
in the packaged cereal industry. Recently, we were disappointed
to discover that Oxford Cereals has been producing boxes of
cereal that had less cereal than claimed on their boxes.
Oxford 0's results:
Specifically, CCACC members discovered shortages in two popular
cereals: Oxford 0's and Alpine Granola Frosted Flakes with
Vitamins & Minerals. One member thought her box of Oxford's
Pennsylvania Dutch-Style Chocolate Brownie Morning Squares was
short, but her son had opened the box and had starting eating
that cereal before we could weigh the box. We did not collect
any data on the other Oxford cereals because none of our members
regularly buy those varieties.
Q
For our investigation, members of our group went to their
favorite stores and bought 368-gram size boxes of 0's and Alpine
Granola Frosted Flakes (about 13 ounces). Boxes were then taken
home and weighed.
374
372
370
368
366
364
362
360
358
356
354
(D
1
360.4
A
Oxford O's
2
361.8
3
362.3
Box Number and Weight
ul
4
364.2
D
5
371.4
Continued...
C
PDF
>
בר
>
S
5:55 PM
9/1/2022
503

PDF CCACC.pdf
:=
2 of 2
81°F
Sunny
Grams
Alpine Granola Frosted Flakes results:
376
374
372
370
368
and
3
365.6
Box Number and Weight
366
364
362
360
(D A
Consumers Concerned About Cereal Cheaters Page 2
1
366.1
Alpine Granola Frosted Flakes
2
367.2
4
367.8
5
373.5
בר
We call on Oxford Cereals president Whitney Lagata to make a
public apology and for Oxford Cereals to issue refunds to all
consumers!
C
If you know of other cases of cereal company cheaters please let
us know by e-mail or visit us any Saturday by the big weather
balloon display in the Village Mall.
PDF
203
7:32 PM
9/1/2022

Definition Definition Measure of central tendency that is the average of a given data set. The mean value is evaluated as the quotient of the sum of all observations by the sample size. The mean, in contrast to a median, is affected by extreme values. Very large or very small values can distract the mean from the center of the data. Arithmetic mean: The most common type of mean is the arithmetic mean. It is evaluated using the formula: μ = 1 N ∑ i = 1 N x i Other types of means are the geometric mean, logarithmic mean, and harmonic mean. Geometric mean: The nth root of the product of n observations from a data set is defined as the geometric mean of the set: G = x 1 x 2 ... x n n Logarithmic mean: The difference of the natural logarithms of the two numbers, divided by the difference between the numbers is the logarithmic mean of the two numbers. The logarithmic mean is used particularly in heat transfer and mass transfer. ln x 2 − ln x 1 x 2 − x 1 Harmonic mean: The inverse of the arithmetic mean of the inverses of all the numbers in a data set is the harmonic mean of the data. 1 1 x 1 + 1 x 2 + ...

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3 What, if any, conclusions can you form by using your
calculations about the filling processes of the two different cereals?
4. A representative from Oxford Cereals has asked that the
CCACC take down its page discussing shortages in
Oxford Cereals boxes. Is that request reasonable? Why or
why not?
5. Can the techniques discussed in this chapter be used to
prove cheating in the manner alleged by the CCACC?
Why or why not?

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