Testing a round steel alloy bar with a diameter of 15 mm and a gauge length of 250 mm produced the stress-strain relationship shown in Figure P3.28. Determine a. the elastic modulus b. the proportional limit c. the yield strength at a strain offset of 0.002 d. the tensile strength e. the magnitude of the load required to produce an increase in length of 0.38 mm f. the final deformation, if the specimen is unloaded after being strained by the amount specified in (e) g. In designing a typical structure made of this material, would you expect the stress applied in (e) reasonable? Why? 750 500 250 0.01 0.02 0.03 0.04 Strain, m/m FIGURE P3.28 Stress, MPa

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Properties of Aluminium

Aluminum (or Aluminum) is a silvery-white in color metal. The chemical symbol of aluminum is Al and it has an atomic number (Z) of 13 in the periodic table. The aluminum name for this metal is derived from the Latin word ‘alumen’, which means bitter salt. Aluminum was discovered in the year 1825 by Hans Oersted, and later Friedrich Wöhler isolated aluminum. It is the most commonly found metal in the earth’s core, which is around 8% of the total core mass. Moreover, it is the third most commonly found element on earth after oxygen and silicon. Electron distribution of aluminum per shell is 2, 8, and 3 with a valency of 3. Atomic weight is nearly 26.9815 u.