Test the alternative hypothesis that the average overdose death rate (across the 50 states) is greater in 2019 than in 2015 (the average in 2015 was 17.8, which will be used as ??). Take the level of significance to be 0.05. Exhibit the null and alternative, show all your work for the standard score, report a p-value and explain how you got it, and explain your ultimate decision. Make sure to also explain the type of uncertainty that statistical significance addresses. Please use the standard score formula for a mean. However, you can't use a t-test for the standard score formula and p-value. State 2019 Per Capita Income Overdose Death Rate (per 100,000) Alabama  $                           44,145.00 16.3 Alaska  $                           62,806.00 17.8 Arizona  $                           46,058.00 26.8 Arkansas  $                           44,629.00 13.5 California  $                           66,619.00 15 Colorado  $                           61,157.00 18 Connecticut  $                           77,289.00 34.7 Delaware  $                           54,485.00 48 Florida  $                           52,426.00 25.5 Georgia  $                           48,236.00 13.1 Hawaii  $                           57,015.00 15.9 Idaho  $                           45,968.00 15.1 Illinois  $                           58,764.00 21.9 Indiana  $                           48,678.00 26.6 Iowa  $                           51,865.00 11.5 Kansas  $                           53,426.00 14.3 Kentucky  $                           43,770.00 32.5 Louisiana  $                           47,460.00 28.3 Maine  $                           50,634.00 29.9 Maryland  $                           64,640.00 38.2 Massachusetts  $                           74,187.00 32.1 Michigan  $                           49,228.00 24.4 Minnesota  $                           58,834.00 14.2 Mississippi  $                           38,914.00 13.6 Missouri  $                           48,656.00 26.9 Montana  $                           49,747.00 14.1 Nebraska  $                           54,515.00 8.7 Nevada  $                           51,161.00 20.1 New Hampshire  $                           63,502.00 32 New Jersey  $                           70,471.00 31.7 New Mexico  $                           43,326.00 30.2 New York  $                           71,717.00 18.2 North Carolina  $                           47,766.00 22.3 North Dakota  $                           57,232.00 11.4 Ohio  $                           50,199.00 38.3 Oklahoma  $                           47,341.00 16.7 Oregon  $                           53,191.00 14 Pennsylvania  $                           58,032.00 35.6 Rhode Island  $                           56,361.00 29.5 South Carolina  $                           45,438.00 22.7 South Dakota  $                           53,962.00 10.5 Tennessee  $                           48,684.00 31.2 Texas  $                           52,813.00 10.8 Utah  $                           48,939.00 18.9 Vermont  $                           55,293.00 23.8 Virginia  $                           59,657.00 18.3 Washington  $                           64,758.00 15.8 West Virginia  $                           42,315.00 52.8 Wisconsin  $                           53,227.00 21.1 Wyoming  $                           62,189.00 14.1

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Test the alternative hypothesis that the average overdose death rate (across the 50 states) is greater in 2019 than in 2015 (the average in 2015 was 17.8, which will be used as ??). Take the level of significance to be 0.05. Exhibit the null and alternative, show all your work for the standard score, report a p-value and explain how you got it, and explain your ultimate decision. Make sure to also explain the type of uncertainty that statistical significance addresses. Please use the standard score formula for a mean. However, you can't use a t-test for the standard score formula and p-value.

State 2019
Per Capita Income Overdose Death Rate (per 100,000)
Alabama  $                           44,145.00 16.3
Alaska  $                           62,806.00 17.8
Arizona  $                           46,058.00 26.8
Arkansas  $                           44,629.00 13.5
California  $                           66,619.00 15
Colorado  $                           61,157.00 18
Connecticut  $                           77,289.00 34.7
Delaware  $                           54,485.00 48
Florida  $                           52,426.00 25.5
Georgia  $                           48,236.00 13.1
Hawaii  $                           57,015.00 15.9
Idaho  $                           45,968.00 15.1
Illinois  $                           58,764.00 21.9
Indiana  $                           48,678.00 26.6
Iowa  $                           51,865.00 11.5
Kansas  $                           53,426.00 14.3
Kentucky  $                           43,770.00 32.5
Louisiana  $                           47,460.00 28.3
Maine  $                           50,634.00 29.9
Maryland  $                           64,640.00 38.2
Massachusetts  $                           74,187.00 32.1
Michigan  $                           49,228.00 24.4
Minnesota  $                           58,834.00 14.2
Mississippi  $                           38,914.00 13.6
Missouri  $                           48,656.00 26.9
Montana  $                           49,747.00 14.1
Nebraska  $                           54,515.00 8.7
Nevada  $                           51,161.00 20.1
New Hampshire  $                           63,502.00 32
New Jersey  $                           70,471.00 31.7
New Mexico  $                           43,326.00 30.2
New York  $                           71,717.00 18.2
North Carolina  $                           47,766.00 22.3
North Dakota  $                           57,232.00 11.4
Ohio  $                           50,199.00 38.3
Oklahoma  $                           47,341.00 16.7
Oregon  $                           53,191.00 14
Pennsylvania  $                           58,032.00 35.6
Rhode Island  $                           56,361.00 29.5
South Carolina  $                           45,438.00 22.7
South Dakota  $                           53,962.00 10.5
Tennessee  $                           48,684.00 31.2
Texas  $                           52,813.00 10.8
Utah  $                           48,939.00 18.9
Vermont  $                           55,293.00 23.8
Virginia  $                           59,657.00 18.3
Washington  $                           64,758.00 15.8
West Virginia  $                           42,315.00 52.8
Wisconsin  $                           53,227.00 21.1
Wyoming  $                           62,189.00 14.1
Overdose Death Rate
60
50
40
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20
10
0
is
$10,000.00 $20,000.00
$30,000.00
Graph
$40,000.00 $50,000.00 $60,000.00 $70,000.00 $80,000.00 $90,000.00
Per Capita Income
Transcribed Image Text:Overdose Death Rate 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 is $10,000.00 $20,000.00 $30,000.00 Graph $40,000.00 $50,000.00 $60,000.00 $70,000.00 $80,000.00 $90,000.00 Per Capita Income
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