Tartaric acid is found in many fruits including grapes. Tartaric acid is partly responsible for the dry texture of certain wines. Tartaric acid, H₂C4H406, is a diprotic acid with the following Ka values: Kal = 1.00 × 10-³; K₁2 = 4.60 x 10-5 a. Write the equation for the 1st ionization of tartaric acid. b. Write the equation for the 2nd ionization of tartaric acid. c. Write the Ka expression for the 1st ionization. d. Write the Ka expression for the 2nd ionization.
States of Matter
The substance that constitutes everything in the universe is known as matter. Matter comprises atoms which in turn are composed of electrons, protons, and neutrons. Different atoms combine together to give rise to molecules that act as a foundation for all kinds of substances. There are five states of matter based on their energies of attraction, namely solid, liquid, gases, plasma, and BEC (Bose-Einstein condensates).
Chemical Reactions and Equations
When a chemical species is transformed into another chemical species it is said to have undergone a chemical reaction. It consists of breaking existing bonds and forming new bonds by changing the position of electrons. These reactions are best explained using a chemical equation.
![Tartaric acid is found in many fruits including grapes. Tartaric acid is partly responsible for the dry texture of certain wines. Tartaric acid, H₂C4H406, is a
diprotic acid with the following Ka values: Ka1 = 1.00 x 10-3; K₁2 = 4.60 x 10-5
a. Write the equation for the 1st ionization of tartaric acid.
b. Write the equation for the 2nd ionization of tartaric acid.
c. Write the Ka expression for the 1st ionization.
d. Write the Ka expression for the 2nd ionization.
e. What is the equilibrium concentrations of the reactants and products from the 1st ionization of a 0.250M solution of tartaric acid?
f. What is the equilibrium concentrations of the reactants and products from the 2nd ionization?
g. What is the total [H3O+] and the overall pH of the solution of tartaric acid?](/v2/_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fcontent.bartleby.com%2Fqna-images%2Fquestion%2F4a31084d-53de-40ac-8333-22b405fb7df5%2Fbd3d6f66-4c85-41ae-bdc9-6e9767890a67%2Fvh94s7r_processed.png&w=3840&q=75)
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