TABLE 26.2 Characteristics of Bacteria, Archaea, and Eukarya Characteristic Bacteria Archaea Eukarya Nucleus Present Organelles Absent Peptidoglycan in cell walls Absent Size of ribosomes Initiator TRNA Methionine RNA polymerases Several* Ribosomes sensitive to No chloramphenicol and streptomycin Ribosomes sensitive to No diptheria toxin The archaeal RNA polymerase is more similar to eukaryotic polymerases than bacterial polymerases. Methionine three 70S Yes present methionine 3 Absent One 80S no one Three yes absent No Present

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Microbial Taxonomy

Taxonomy is the science of naming, classifying, and describing organisms. The taxonomy will include all the plants, microorganisms, and animals on this planet. Carl Linnaeus coined the taxonomy term. He is known as the father of taxonomy. Microbial taxonomy is a criterion of grouping microorganisms into groups based on their similarities and past relatedness. Microorganisms belonging to the same group are differentiated from the others via grouping into categories. This differentiation makes the study of microorganisms easy. There are different types of microbial taxonomies like Numerical and Molecular taxonomy. The study of microorganisms is known as microbiology. Microbiology is a broad term that takes into account microbial cultures, taxonomic studies, evolutionary relationships. Microbial interaction and diversity are huge data that needs to be compiled under the subject of microbiology. Microbiology covers various organisms like bacteria, fungi, algae, plants, animals, etc.