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t is composed of 40.00% mpirical formula of lactic

t is composed of 40.00% mpirical formula of lactic

Chemistry
Chemistry
10th Edition
ISBN:9781305957404
Author:Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCoste
Publisher:Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCoste
Chapter1: Chemical Foundations
Section: Chapter Questions
Problem 1RQ: Define and explain the differences between the following terms. a. law and theory b. theory and...
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### Empirical Formula and Chemical Reaction Balancing #### Problem 1: Determining the Empirical Formula of Lactic Acid Lactic acid is a metabolite formed in the body during muscular activity. It is composed of 40.00% carbon, 6.71% hydrogen, and 53.29% oxygen by weight. What is the empirical formula of lactic acid? #### Solution Steps: 1. **Determine the moles of each element:** - Carbon (C): 40.00 g / 12.01 g/mol = 3.33 mol - Hydrogen (H): 6.71 g / 1.008 g/mol = 6.66 mol - Oxygen (O): 53.29 g / 16.00 g/mol = 3.33 mol 2. **Divide by the smallest number of moles:** - C: 3.33 / 3.33 = 1 - H: 6.66 / 3.33 = 2 - O: 3.33 / 3.33 = 1 3. **Form the empirical formula:** - The empirical formula is CH₂O. #### Problem 2: Balancing a Chemical Reaction Balance the following reaction: \[ \text{AgNO}_3(\text{aq}) + \text{CaCl}_2(\text{aq}) \longrightarrow \text{AgCl}(\text{s}) + \ \text{Ca(NO}_3\text{)}_2(\text{aq}) \] #### Solution Steps: 1. **Write down the unbalanced equation:** \[ \text{AgNO}_3(\text{aq}) + \text{CaCl}_2(\text{aq}) \longrightarrow \text{AgCl}(\text{s}) + \ \text{Ca(NO}_3\text{)}_2(\text{aq}) \] 2. **Count and compare the number of atoms of each element on both sides of the equation:** - **Reactants:** - Ag: 1 - NO₃: 1 - Ca: 1 - Cl: 2 - **Products:** - Ag: 1 - Cl: 1 - Ca: 1 - NO₃:
Transcribed Image Text:### Empirical Formula and Chemical Reaction Balancing #### Problem 1: Determining the Empirical Formula of Lactic Acid Lactic acid is a metabolite formed in the body during muscular activity. It is composed of 40.00% carbon, 6.71% hydrogen, and 53.29% oxygen by weight. What is the empirical formula of lactic acid? #### Solution Steps: 1. **Determine the moles of each element:** - Carbon (C): 40.00 g / 12.01 g/mol = 3.33 mol - Hydrogen (H): 6.71 g / 1.008 g/mol = 6.66 mol - Oxygen (O): 53.29 g / 16.00 g/mol = 3.33 mol 2. **Divide by the smallest number of moles:** - C: 3.33 / 3.33 = 1 - H: 6.66 / 3.33 = 2 - O: 3.33 / 3.33 = 1 3. **Form the empirical formula:** - The empirical formula is CH₂O. #### Problem 2: Balancing a Chemical Reaction Balance the following reaction: \[ \text{AgNO}_3(\text{aq}) + \text{CaCl}_2(\text{aq}) \longrightarrow \text{AgCl}(\text{s}) + \ \text{Ca(NO}_3\text{)}_2(\text{aq}) \] #### Solution Steps: 1. **Write down the unbalanced equation:** \[ \text{AgNO}_3(\text{aq}) + \text{CaCl}_2(\text{aq}) \longrightarrow \text{AgCl}(\text{s}) + \ \text{Ca(NO}_3\text{)}_2(\text{aq}) \] 2. **Count and compare the number of atoms of each element on both sides of the equation:** - **Reactants:** - Ag: 1 - NO₃: 1 - Ca: 1 - Cl: 2 - **Products:** - Ag: 1 - Cl: 1 - Ca: 1 - NO₃:
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