Chemistry
10th Edition
ISBN:9781305957404
Author:Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCoste
Publisher:Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCoste
Chapter1: Chemical Foundations
Section: Chapter Questions
Problem 1RQ: Define and explain the differences between the following terms. a. law and theory b. theory and...
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![### Empirical Formula and Chemical Reaction Balancing
#### Problem 1: Determining the Empirical Formula of Lactic Acid
Lactic acid is a metabolite formed in the body during muscular activity. It is composed of 40.00% carbon, 6.71% hydrogen, and 53.29% oxygen by weight. What is the empirical formula of lactic acid?
#### Solution Steps:
1. **Determine the moles of each element:**
- Carbon (C): 40.00 g / 12.01 g/mol = 3.33 mol
- Hydrogen (H): 6.71 g / 1.008 g/mol = 6.66 mol
- Oxygen (O): 53.29 g / 16.00 g/mol = 3.33 mol
2. **Divide by the smallest number of moles:**
- C: 3.33 / 3.33 = 1
- H: 6.66 / 3.33 = 2
- O: 3.33 / 3.33 = 1
3. **Form the empirical formula:**
- The empirical formula is CH₂O.
#### Problem 2: Balancing a Chemical Reaction
Balance the following reaction:
\[ \text{AgNO}_3(\text{aq}) + \text{CaCl}_2(\text{aq}) \longrightarrow \text{AgCl}(\text{s}) + \ \text{Ca(NO}_3\text{)}_2(\text{aq}) \]
#### Solution Steps:
1. **Write down the unbalanced equation:**
\[ \text{AgNO}_3(\text{aq}) + \text{CaCl}_2(\text{aq}) \longrightarrow \text{AgCl}(\text{s}) + \ \text{Ca(NO}_3\text{)}_2(\text{aq}) \]
2. **Count and compare the number of atoms of each element on both sides of the equation:**
- **Reactants:**
- Ag: 1
- NO₃: 1
- Ca: 1
- Cl: 2
- **Products:**
- Ag: 1
- Cl: 1
- Ca: 1
- NO₃:](/v2/_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fcontent.bartleby.com%2Fqna-images%2Fquestion%2F15ddb6cd-6983-4657-9770-05e88534b1be%2F2d7152df-c247-4b71-8fca-c2127fed6b62%2F2pz5n6d.jpeg&w=3840&q=75)
Transcribed Image Text:### Empirical Formula and Chemical Reaction Balancing
#### Problem 1: Determining the Empirical Formula of Lactic Acid
Lactic acid is a metabolite formed in the body during muscular activity. It is composed of 40.00% carbon, 6.71% hydrogen, and 53.29% oxygen by weight. What is the empirical formula of lactic acid?
#### Solution Steps:
1. **Determine the moles of each element:**
- Carbon (C): 40.00 g / 12.01 g/mol = 3.33 mol
- Hydrogen (H): 6.71 g / 1.008 g/mol = 6.66 mol
- Oxygen (O): 53.29 g / 16.00 g/mol = 3.33 mol
2. **Divide by the smallest number of moles:**
- C: 3.33 / 3.33 = 1
- H: 6.66 / 3.33 = 2
- O: 3.33 / 3.33 = 1
3. **Form the empirical formula:**
- The empirical formula is CH₂O.
#### Problem 2: Balancing a Chemical Reaction
Balance the following reaction:
\[ \text{AgNO}_3(\text{aq}) + \text{CaCl}_2(\text{aq}) \longrightarrow \text{AgCl}(\text{s}) + \ \text{Ca(NO}_3\text{)}_2(\text{aq}) \]
#### Solution Steps:
1. **Write down the unbalanced equation:**
\[ \text{AgNO}_3(\text{aq}) + \text{CaCl}_2(\text{aq}) \longrightarrow \text{AgCl}(\text{s}) + \ \text{Ca(NO}_3\text{)}_2(\text{aq}) \]
2. **Count and compare the number of atoms of each element on both sides of the equation:**
- **Reactants:**
- Ag: 1
- NO₃: 1
- Ca: 1
- Cl: 2
- **Products:**
- Ag: 1
- Cl: 1
- Ca: 1
- NO₃:
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