Suppose you use an ideal pulley of the type shown in Figure 5.18(b) and find it necessary to exert a force of 190 N to support a load. Figure 5.18 (a) What is the load's mass?  kg (b) What force is exerted on the ceiling? Neglect the pulley system's mass.  N (upward)

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Suppose you use an ideal pulley of the type shown in Figure 5.18(b) and find it necessary to exert a force of 190 N to support a load.


Figure 5.18

(a) What is the load's mass?
 kg
(b) What force is exerted on the ceiling? Neglect the pulley system's mass.
 N (upward)

The image contains three diagrams demonstrating different pulley systems with varying mechanical advantages.

### Diagram (a) - Single Movable Pulley System
- **Description**: The system consists of a single movable pulley attached to a weight (w). The rope goes over one fixed pulley.
- **Mechanical Advantage (MA)**: 2
- **Forces**: The weight (w) is balanced by two tension forces (T) in the rope, indicating that the weight is equally distributed across both sides of the rope. This means that the force needed to lift the weight is half the weight itself, giving an MA of 2.

### Diagram (b) - Double Pulley System
- **Description**: This setup features two pulleys—one fixed and one movable. The rope runs over both pulleys and extends down to lift the weight (w).
- **Mechanical Advantage (MA)**: 3
- **Forces**: The weight is supported by three segments of the rope, each exerting tension (T), which splits the force needed to lift the weight into thirds. Thus, the force required to lift the weight is one-third of its actual weight.

### Diagram (c) - Triple Pulley System
- **Description**: A more complex configuration with two fixed pulleys and one movable pulley. The rope is looped through all three pulleys before attaching to the weight (w).
- **Mechanical Advantage (MA)**: 4
- **Forces**: Here, the weight is divided among four segments of the rope, again with tension (T) in each segment. Consequently, the force needed to lift the weight is reduced to a quarter of the weight itself, providing an MA of 4.

### General Explanation
- The mechanical advantage (MA) determines how much the input force is amplified by the pulley system. Higher MA values mean less force is required to lift the same weight, making lifting more efficient. Each additional loop or pulley increases the MA, reducing the input force proportionally.
Transcribed Image Text:The image contains three diagrams demonstrating different pulley systems with varying mechanical advantages. ### Diagram (a) - Single Movable Pulley System - **Description**: The system consists of a single movable pulley attached to a weight (w). The rope goes over one fixed pulley. - **Mechanical Advantage (MA)**: 2 - **Forces**: The weight (w) is balanced by two tension forces (T) in the rope, indicating that the weight is equally distributed across both sides of the rope. This means that the force needed to lift the weight is half the weight itself, giving an MA of 2. ### Diagram (b) - Double Pulley System - **Description**: This setup features two pulleys—one fixed and one movable. The rope runs over both pulleys and extends down to lift the weight (w). - **Mechanical Advantage (MA)**: 3 - **Forces**: The weight is supported by three segments of the rope, each exerting tension (T), which splits the force needed to lift the weight into thirds. Thus, the force required to lift the weight is one-third of its actual weight. ### Diagram (c) - Triple Pulley System - **Description**: A more complex configuration with two fixed pulleys and one movable pulley. The rope is looped through all three pulleys before attaching to the weight (w). - **Mechanical Advantage (MA)**: 4 - **Forces**: Here, the weight is divided among four segments of the rope, again with tension (T) in each segment. Consequently, the force needed to lift the weight is reduced to a quarter of the weight itself, providing an MA of 4. ### General Explanation - The mechanical advantage (MA) determines how much the input force is amplified by the pulley system. Higher MA values mean less force is required to lift the same weight, making lifting more efficient. Each additional loop or pulley increases the MA, reducing the input force proportionally.
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