Suppose that you have a very simple file system (VSFS) using i-node to manage disk data blocks, where the disk block size is 4096 bytes. Disk addresses and file block pointers take 32 bits (4 bytes), and the i-node contains 10 direct pointers, one single-indirect pointer and one double-indirect pointer. Assume an index block is the same size as a data block (both 4096 Bytes). If there is a file having 45,000 bytes of data and it has never been accessed, we only assume the file's i-node is in memory, but none of the rest of the file. If the user process wants to read the entire file into the memory, how many disk blocks (including both data blocks and index block(s)) would be brought into the main memory? O a. 11 O b. 10 O C. 12 O d. 1035 O e. 1034

Database System Concepts
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ISBN:9780078022159
Author:Abraham Silberschatz Professor, Henry F. Korth, S. Sudarshan
Publisher:Abraham Silberschatz Professor, Henry F. Korth, S. Sudarshan
Chapter1: Introduction
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**Understanding Disk Blocks and I-Nodes in Simple File Systems**

**Problem Statement:**
Suppose that you have a very simple file system (VSFS) using i-node to manage disk data blocks, where the disk block size is 4096 bytes. Disk addresses and file block pointers take 32 bits (4 bytes), and the i-node contains 10 direct pointers, one single-indirect pointer, and one double-indirect pointer. Assume an index block is the same size as a data block (both 4096 Bytes). If there is a file having 45,000 bytes of data and it has never been accessed, we only assume the file's i-node is in memory, but none of the rest of the file. If the user process wants to read the entire file into memory, how many disk blocks (including both data blocks and index block(s)) would be brought into the main memory?

**Answer Choices:**
a. 11  
b. 10  
c. 12  
d. 1035  
e. 1034  

**Solution:**

1. **Direct Pointers Calculation:**
   Each direct pointer can address one disk block of 4096 bytes.
   - Number of blocks addressed by direct pointers = 10
   - Total data addressed by direct pointers = 10 * 4096 bytes = 40960 bytes

2. **Single-Indirect Pointer Calculation:**
   Since 45,000 bytes > 40,960 bytes, the remaining data must be addressed by the single-indirect pointer.
   - Remaining data = 45000 bytes - 40960 bytes = 1040 bytes
   - One block accessed through single-indirect pointer

3. **Total Block Count:**
   - Direct blocks (10) + 1 single-indirect block (1) + 1 indirect block itself = 12

**Correct Answer:**
c. 12
Transcribed Image Text:**Understanding Disk Blocks and I-Nodes in Simple File Systems** **Problem Statement:** Suppose that you have a very simple file system (VSFS) using i-node to manage disk data blocks, where the disk block size is 4096 bytes. Disk addresses and file block pointers take 32 bits (4 bytes), and the i-node contains 10 direct pointers, one single-indirect pointer, and one double-indirect pointer. Assume an index block is the same size as a data block (both 4096 Bytes). If there is a file having 45,000 bytes of data and it has never been accessed, we only assume the file's i-node is in memory, but none of the rest of the file. If the user process wants to read the entire file into memory, how many disk blocks (including both data blocks and index block(s)) would be brought into the main memory? **Answer Choices:** a. 11 b. 10 c. 12 d. 1035 e. 1034 **Solution:** 1. **Direct Pointers Calculation:** Each direct pointer can address one disk block of 4096 bytes. - Number of blocks addressed by direct pointers = 10 - Total data addressed by direct pointers = 10 * 4096 bytes = 40960 bytes 2. **Single-Indirect Pointer Calculation:** Since 45,000 bytes > 40,960 bytes, the remaining data must be addressed by the single-indirect pointer. - Remaining data = 45000 bytes - 40960 bytes = 1040 bytes - One block accessed through single-indirect pointer 3. **Total Block Count:** - Direct blocks (10) + 1 single-indirect block (1) + 1 indirect block itself = 12 **Correct Answer:** c. 12
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