Suppose that real interest rates decrease across Europe. This development will funds to U.S. net capital outflow at all U.S. real interest rates, which in turn will cause the because net capital outflow is a component of the relevant curve in the loanable funds market. loanable
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- Saving-Investment Diagram Real Interest Rate, r(percent Saving Curve Investment Curve DE F GH Desired Saving and Investment (in billions of dollars) Based on the Saving-Investment Diagram, if the world real interest rate is indicated by C, then the difference between values H and D measures the net capital outflow the difference between values H and F measures the trade deficit the difference between values H and D measures the trade deficit the domestic real interest rate is indicated by B none of the aboveIf the economy enters a recessionary gap, then incomes in the economy decrease, which reduce income tax revenues earned by the government. When the economy enters a recession, unemployment compensation increases due to an increase in jobless claims. In other words, the government budget deficit increases. Begin with the open economy financial market in equilibrium. What will happen to the U.S. savings and net capital inflow function if the U.S. budget deficit increases? What will to the investment function if the U.S. budget deficit increases? What will happen to the real rate of interest if the U.S. budget deficit increases? What will happen to the quantity saved/invested if the U.S. budget deficit increases? Given the change in the level of savings, what would happen to the level of consumption?Consider a hypothetical open economy. The following table presents data on the relationship between various real interest rates and national saving, domestic investment, and net capital outflow in this economy, where the currency is the U.S. dollar. Assume that the economy is currently experiencing a balanced government budget. Real Interest Rate National Saving Domestic Investment Net Capital Outflow (Percent) (Billions of dollars) (Billions of dollars) (Billions of dollars) 7 60 25 -10 6 55 30 -5 5 50 35 0 4 45 40 5 3 40 45 10 2 35 50 15 Given the information in the preceding table, use the blue points (circle symbol) to plot the demand for loanable funds. Next, use the orange points (square symbol) to plot the supply of loanable funds. Finally, use the black point (cross symbol) to indicate the equilibrium in this market. On the following graph, plot the relationship between the real…
- Create a graph using the loanable funds model illustrating the below explanation. An increased budget deficit triggers higher government borrowing, leading to heightened competition for available funds in financial markets and subsequently higher interest rates. These elevated interest rates discourage private investment and borrowing by businesses and individuals, a phenomenon known as "crowding out." Simultaneously, the higher interest rates can result in a stronger domestic currency, making exports relatively more expensive and imports cheaper. This dual impact worsens the trade deficit by reducing export competitiveness and increasing the attractiveness of imported goods, contributing to a broader economic imbalance.Assume that a nation initially has an output level of 150 units per period and that consumption is also 150 (there is no investment or government spending). Suppose there is a temporary (i.e. one-period) increase in GDP of 16% in period 0. Assume the country has access to global financial markets with an interest rate of 8%. Assume an infinite time horizon for all questions. The United States has experienced large and growing current account deficits for more than 20 years, whereas Japan has experienced large and growing current account surpluses for roughly the same period. The U.S. economy has grown at faster rates than Japan's over the past 10 years. What might explain the difference? Relate your answer to the relationship between the current account, GNDI, and GDP.REAL EXCHANGE RATE (Units of foreign currency per dollar) QUANTITY OF DOLLARS Given this change, the dollar Supply Change due to a quota Demand Demand Supply Fill in the following table with the effect of a quota on the following items: Supply of Loanable Funds Real Interest Rate National Saving Net Exports
- The graphs below depict the loanable funds market and the relationship between real interest rates and the level of net capital outflow (NCO) calculated in terms of the Mexican peso. REAL INTEREST RATE (Percent) 8 8 10 3 1 The Market for Loanable Funds in Mexico + 0 1 2 3 4 Supply Demand 5 6 LOANABLE FUNDS (Billions of pesos) Initial state After capital flight 7 8 (?) REAL INTEREST RATE (Percent) Complete the first row of the table to reflect the state of the markets in Mexico. Real Interest Rate Net Capital Outflow (NCO) (Percent) (Billions of pesos) Mexican Net Capital Outflow 8 7 6 10 5 4 3 2 NÇO + # -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5 NET CAPITAL OUTFLOW (Billions of pesos) 6 (?) Suppose now that a sudden bout of political turmoil in Mexico causes world financial markets to become uneasy. Because investors now see Mexico as unstable, they decide to pull a portion of their assets out of Mexico and put them into more stable economies. This unexpected shock to the demand for assets in Mexico is…Consider a hypothetical open economy. The following table presents data on the relationship between various real interest rates and national saving, domestic investment, and net capital outflow in this economy, where the currency is the U.S. dollar. Assume that the economy is currently experiencing a balanced government budget. Real Interest Rate National Saving Domestic Investment Net Capital Outflow (Percent) (Billions of dollars) (Billions of dollars) (Billions of dollars) 7 50 20 -10 6 45 30 -5 5 40 40 4 35 50 30 60 10 2 25 70 15 Given the information in the preceding table, use the blue points (circle symbol) to plot the demand for loanable funds. Next, use the orange points (square symbol) to plot the supply of loanable funds. Finally, use the black point (cross symbol) to indicate the equilibrium in this market. Market for Loanable Funds 10 Demand 8 Supply Equilibrium 2 20 40 60 80 100 QUANTITY OF LOANABLE FUNDS REAL INTEREST RATERelative inflation rates affect interest rates, exchange rates, the overall economic health of a country, and the operations and profitability of multinational companies. Consider the following statement: Countries with lower inflation rates will have lower interest rates. If companies borrow from countries with low interest rates, the potential gains from the interest savings will likely be (multiplied or offset) by the losses from currency appreciation.
- Consider a hypothetical open economy. The following table presents data on the relationship between various real interest rates and national saving, domestic investment, and net capital outflow in this economy, where the currency is the dollar. Assume that the economy is currently experiencing a balanced government budget. NOTE: follow RED ARROWS for the order of the questions (IT IS PART OF THE SAME QUESTION!!!!!) NOTE: HERE ARE THE OPTIONS FOR THE BLANKS: Because of the relationship between net capital outflow and net exports, the level of net capital outflow at the equilibrium real interest rate implies that the economy is experiencing _____ (a trade deficit OR balanced trade OR a trade surplus) Now, suppose the government is experiencing a budget deficit. This means that ______ (national saving will increase OR national saving will decrease OR domestic investment will increase OR domestic investment will decrease), which leads to ______ (an increase in the supply of OR…3 In July 2021, a one-year Turkish bond had an interest rate of 18% and the exchange rate between the dollar and the Turkish lira was $1 = 8.68 lira. As of July 2022, the exchange rate has changed to $1 = 17.28 lira. Suppose an American invested $1000 in a one-year Turkish bond in July 2021. What rate of return would she have earned during the year (between July 2021 and July 2022)? Show all workExplain why changes in government spending are viewed as nearly always affecting national saving, while changes in taxes are viewed as having more ambiguous effects on national saving and real interest rates. Why does it matter?