Suppose that a chemical manufacturing plant is releasing nitrogen oxides into the air, and these emissions are associated with health and ecological damages. Economists have estimated the following marginal costs and benefits for the chemical market, where Q is monthly output in thousands of pounds and P is price per pound. MSB = 50 – 0.4Q MSC = 2 + 0.4Q MEB = 0 MEC = 0.2Q. Find the competitive equilibrium, QC and PC.
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Suppose that a chemical manufacturing plant is releasing nitrogen oxides into the air, and these emissions are associated with health and ecological damages. Economists have estimated the following marginal costs and benefits for the chemical market, where Q is monthly output in thousands of pounds and P is price per pound. MSB = 50 – 0.4Q MSC = 2 + 0.4Q MEB = 0 MEC = 0.2Q. Find the competitive equilibrium, QC and PC.
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- It's on the picture.Suppose the government is considering an increase in the toll on a certain stretch of highway from $.20 to $.40. At present, 80,000 cars per week use that highway stretch; after the toll is imposed, it is projected that only 75,000 cars per week will use the highway stretch. Assuming that the marginal cost of highway use is constant (i.e., the supply schedule is horizontal) and equal to $.20 per car, what is the change in social surplus attributable to the increase in the toll? (Hint: The toll increase will cause the supply schedule, not the demand schedule, to shift.) Calculate government revenues from the increased toll. A. $18,750 B. $37,500 C. $15,000 D. $1000Consider a lake found in the town of Center Barnstead, and then answer the questions that follow. The town has a hiking lodge whose visitors use the lake for recreation. The town also has a tannery that dumps industrial waste into the lake. This pollutes the lake and makes it a less desirable vacation destination. That is, the tannery's waste decreases the hiking lodge's economic profit. Suppose that the tannery could use a different production method that involves recycling water. This would reduce the pollution in the lake to levels safe for recreation, and the hiking lodge would no longer be affected. If the tannery uses the recycling method, then the tannery's economic profit is $1,500 per week, and the hiking lodge's economic profit is $1,800 per week. If the tannery does not use the recycling method, then the tannery's economic profit is $2,000 per week, and the hiking lodge's economic profit is $1,000 per week. These figures are summarized in the following table. Complete the…
- Consider a lake found in the village of Sturbridge, and then answer the questions that follow. The village has a hiking lodge whose visitors use the lake for recreation. The village also has a chemical plant that dumps industrial waste into the lake. This pollutes the lake and makes it a less desirable vacation destination. That is, the chemical plant's waste decreases the hiking lodge's economic profit. Suppose that the chemical plant could use a different production method that involves recycling water. This would reduce the pollution in the lake to levels safe for recreation, and the hiking lodge would no longer be affected. If the chemical plant uses the recycling method, then the chemical plant economic profit is $1,500 per week, and the hiking lodge's economic profit is $1,800 per week. If the chemical plant does not use the recycling method, then the chemical plant's economic profit is $2,000 per week, and the hiking lodge's economic profit is $1,000 per week. These figures are…Suppose that pig farming in a region is a perfectly compet- itive industry. However, one negative consequence of this activity is that it creates water pollution that adversely affects the health of the residents in the nearby communities that rely on the water sources that are contaminated by the pig farms. The market supply curve for pigs (or hogs) is given by H^S = 6p where H^S is the quantity of hogs supplied to the market by farmers in this region. The market demand for hogs is given by H^P = 300 – 4p. The government estimates that the additional medical costs (M) imposed on the nearby communities is given by M = 5H, where H is the quantity of hogs produced and sold in the market. Q: In the absence of clearly defined property rights over water use or con- ventions or some form of government intervention, derive the market equilibrium for hogs and the DWL resulting from the additional medical costs associated with hog production. Please show the formula, thank you.Consider a competitive market for some commodity x in which some firms are polluters. Firm A: C(xA ) = 25xA and the environmental cost to society is E(xA ) = 15xA. Firm B: C(xB) = (1/10)x (xB x xB ) and the environmental cost to society is E(xB ) = 0. Assume initially that the market operates without any recognition of environmental costs. Both firms are price-takers. Determine for what prices Firm A will provide the good? Does it matter to firm A what quantity is supplied? Find the supply function for Firm B. Assume the market demand for the commodity is given by x(p)=40000/p 3. Find the competitive market equilibrium price and quantity using your answers in 1) and 2) when the firm supplies reflect their ability to compete at a given price. 4. Suppose a planner uses the representative consumer’s utility function, to find the socially optimal allocation of resources to the two firms. Choose (xA, xB, Y) to solve max U(x, y) = (40000)ln(X) + Y Subject to x= xA + xB, xA ≥ 0 xB…
- Suppose the demand for standard sized bottled water in the US is Qd=120-30.5P where Qd is monthly quantity demanded in millions and P is the price per bottle in dollars and cents. If the marginal private cost (MPC) of producing the bottled water is one dollar, calculate the market equilibrium quantity. Explain what a constant marginal cost implies. Does that mean the total opportunity cost of producing bottled water is unrelated to how many are produced? Let’s assume that the marginal private benefit (MPB) of bottled water equals the marginal social benefit (MSB). Explain what that means. At the equilibrium calculated in part A, what do you know about buyers’ willingness to pay in each transaction?Consider a river found in the city of Pittsburgh, and then answer the questions that follow. The city has a water park whose visitors use the river for recreation. The city also has a research facility that dumps industrial waste into the river. This pollutes the river and makes it a less desirable vacation destination. That is, the research facility's waste decreases the water park's economic profit. Suppose that the research facility could use a different production method that involves recycling water. This would reduce the pollution in the river to levels safe for recreation, and the water park would no longer be affected. If the research facility uses the recycling method, then the research facility's economic profit is $1,600 per week, and the water park's economic profit is $2,100 per week. If the research facility does not use the recycling method, then the research facility's economic profit is $2,100 per week, and the water park's economic profit is $1,300 per week. These…Question #3. Assume the annual aluminum can market is characterized by a demand curve represented by the linear equation: P = -15Q + 1200. Assume also that aluminum cans are produced using both virgin and recycled material. The supply curve for cans made from recycled material is represented by the equation: P = 5Q + 50. The supply curve for cans made from virgin material is represented by a constant marginal cost of $250. What is the total equilibrium quantity of aluminum cans produced in this market? How many cans would be produced with recycled material? How many cans would be produced using virgin material? What is the recycling ratio in this market? What would be the new recycling ratio if the government decides to levy a flat tax of $10 on virgin material? Who would benefit from this type of tax? Explain your answer.
- Consider a situation in which two countries, Home and Foreign, can produce a good that is subject to external economies of scale. Assume that firms in both countries face the same average costs curve (AC), given by: AC=m-rQ where m=21, r=0.5, and Q indicates quantity. The demand curves are given by, respectively: Q = 6 - P for Home and Q = 6*1P for Foreign, where b=10, b*=13, and h=10. Q indicates quantity and Pindicates price. Answer the following questions: Assume that the countries are closed to international trade but they are considering a trade agreement. If the countries open to trade, which country will produce the good? Plot the cost and demand curves in a graph and use the graph to rationalize your answer. [HINT: use the functional forms given in the problem to draw your graph, and put quantity in the x-axis and price and cost in the y-axis.] b. The government of the country that may lose the industry anticipates the outcome in a) and decides to introduce a subsidy to the…Consider a river found in the city of Pittsburgh, and then answer the questions that follow. The city has a boat tour whose visitors use the river for recreation. The city also has a ketchup factory that dumps industrial waste into the river. This pollutes the river and makes it a less desirable vacation destination. That is, the ketchup factory's waste decreases the boat tour's economic profit. Suppose that the ketchup factory could use a different production method that involves recycling water. This would reduce the pollution in the river to levels safe for recreation, and the boat tour would no longer be affected. If the ketchup factory uses the recycling method, then the ketchup factory's economic profit is $1,100 per week, and the boat tour's economic profit is $2,600 per week. If the ketchup factory does not use the recycling method, then the ketchup factory's economic profit is $1,800 per week, and the boat tour's economic profit is $1,500 per week. These figures are summarized…Suppose that wine industry has very strong external increasing return to scales (IRS). France is the only country producing wine now, and France's average production cost of producing wine reflecting its external IRS can be written as 20 ACF (x) = 1+ x The global demand of wine can be written as D = 20 – 10x. Assume that Korea's average cost of producing wine is written as АСк (х) 1+ x If a Korean firm starts producing wine, what would be the global wine consumption in the equi- librium? Use a diagram to explain your answer. Your diagram should include the values for y- or x- axes, and intersection point(s) if needed.