Suppose Firm #1 dominates a market for widgets priced at $100/unit with a marginal cost of $60/unit. If Firm #2 enters the market and offers comparable widgets at a 3% discount, extending a price umbrella optimal as long as Firm #1 loses no more than what portion of its market share?
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- A city has two newspapers. Demand for either paper depends on its own price and the price of its rival. Demand functions for papers A and B respectively, measured in tens of thousands of subscriptions, are 21-2Pa + Pb and 21 + Pa-2Pb The marginal cost of printing and distributing an extra paper just equals the extra advertising revenue one gets from another reader, so each paper treats marginal costs as zero. Each paper maximizes its revenue assuming that the other's price is independent of its own choice of price. If the papers enter a joint operating agreement where they set prices to maximize total revenue, by how much will newspaper prices rise? (a) 3 (b) 2 (c) 0 (d) 3.5 (e) 2.5Firms often price their products by “marking up” a fixed percentage over average cost. To investigate the consequences of markup pricing, consider a single firm that faces the demand Q = 90 − P, for P ≤ 90. The firm’s TOTAL cost function is C(Q) = 20Q. In this example, would a 50% markup lead to a more or less efficient outcome than the profit maximizing rule in part Q3.2? How do you define efficiency? Explain.Consider a market where the inverse demand function is P = 400 – 20Q, where Q is the aggregate output. Assume there are three firms which compete à la Bertrand. a)What is the equilibrium price and the corresponding aggregate output if all firms have a constant marginal cost equal to 40? b)What is the equilibrium price and the corresponding aggregate output if one firm has a constant marginal cost equal to 40 and the other firms have a constant marginal cost equal to 100? c)What is the equilibrium price and the corresponding aggregate output if one firm has a constant marginal cost equal to 40 and the other firms have a constant marginal cost equal to 260?
- There are only two driveway paving companies in a small town, Asphalt, Inc. and Blacktop Bros. The inverse demand curve for paving services is ?= 2040 ―20? where quantity is measured in pave jobs per month and price is measured in dollars per job. Assume Asphalt, Inc. has a marginal cost of $100 per driveway and Blacktop Bros. has a marginal cost of $150. Answer the following questions: Determine each firm’s reaction curve and graph it. How many paving jobs will each firm produce in Cournot equilibrium? What will the market price of a pave job be? How much profit does each firm earn?Two firms (called firm 1 and firm 2) are the only sellers of a good for which the demand equation is Here, q is the total quantity of the good demanded and p is the price of the good measured in dollars. Neither firm has any fixed costs, and each firm’s marginal cost of producing a unit of goods is $2. Imagine that each firm produces some quantity of goods, and that these goods are sold to consumers at the highest price at which all of the goods can be sold. A Cournot equilibrium in this environment is a pair of outputs (q1, q2) such that, when firm 1 produces q1 units of goods and firm 2 produces q2 units of goods, neither firm can raise its profits by unilaterally changing its output. Find the Cournot equilibrium. Determine whether the price at which the goods are sold exceeds marginal cost.Wonderland is the only amusement park in a town. Suppose its marginal cost of providing a ride is constant at $3 and an average visitor's demand for rides is given by D(p) = 32 - 4p. If Wonderland wants to maximize its profit using a two-part tariff, how much should it charge for entry per person and how much should it charge for each ride?
- The supply chain for Pappy Van Winkle bourbon is characterized by a monopolist upstream producer and a competitive downstream retail sector. Final consumers’ demand for Pappy Van Winkle bourbon is given as: P=140-2Q, where Q is the number of bottles that are purchased each day. The marginal cost of production (i.e., performing the manufacturing function) can be written as: MCM=30+2Q, and the marginal cost of performing the retail function is MCA=20. Suppose that the two firms are not vertically integrated. Construct the final consumers’ demand curve.Each consumer has the following demand for annual visits to Planet Fitness: Q = 200 - P (or P = 200 - Q), where Q is the number of visits to Planet Fitness per year and P is the price per visit. In western Maryland, Planet Fitness has a monopoly on the gym market in the area. If the marginal cost of serving each customer is $10 per visit, what is the optimal two-part tariff that Planet Fitness could charge each customer? Annual fee = $18,050; P = $0 for each visit. Annual fee = $20,000; P = $0 for each visit. Annual fee = $18,050; P = $10 for each visit. Annual fee = $20,000; P = $10 for each visit.Suppose a local cable company provides cable service to a rural community. The figure to the right illustrates the cable company's marginal cost of providing cable service along with the community's demand for cable TV. Assume the local cable company is a monopoly. When the company maximizes profits, consumer surplus equals $ (enter a numeric response using a real number rounded to one decimal place), and producer surplus equals $ Compared to the perfectly competitive market outcome, the cable company creates dead weight loss equal to $ Price and cost (dollars per cable subscription) 120- 110- 100- 90- 80- 70- 60- 50- 40- 30- 20- 10- to 10 20 MR D 30 40 50 60 70 80 Quantity of cable subscriptions MC 90 100 ON
- Suppose that 2,000 people are interested in attending ElvisLand. Once a person arrives at ElvisLand, his or her demand for rides is given by x = max{ 5 – p, 0}, where p is the price per ride. There is a constant marginal cost of $2 for providing a ride at ElvisLand. If ElvisLand charges a profit-maximizing two-part tariff, with one price for admission to ElvisLand and another price per ride for those who get in. How much should it charge per ride and how much for admission? Correct answer is $2 per ride and $4.50 per admission, how does one solve this problem?Suppose that BMW can produce any quantity of cars at a constant marginal cost equal to $20,00 and a fixed cost of $10 billion. You are asked to advise the CEO as to what prices and quantities BMW should set for sales in Europe and in the United States. The demand for BMWs in each market is given by QE=4,000,000−100PE and QU=1,500,000−20PU where the subscript E denotes Europe, the subscript U denotes the United States. Assume that BMW can restrict U.S. sales to authorized BMW dealers only. a. What quantity of BMWs should the firm sell in each market, and what should the price be in each market? What should the total profit be? (round dollar amounts to the nearest penny and quantities to the nearest integer) In Europe equilibrium quantity is 1,000,000 cars at an equilibrium price of $30,000 In United States equilibrium quantity is 550,000 cars at an equilibrium price of $47,500 BMW makes a total profit of $15.125 billion. I Need help with this part: If BMW were forced…Suppose that the Department of Justice (DOJ) vetoes all mergers that are likely to lead to an increase in price of the product. The market demand function is given by P(Q) = 50 – Q. Pre- merger, the market is competitive and the cost function is given by C(Q) = 30Q. Post-merger, the market will be controlled by a monopolist and C(Q) = xQ. For what values of x will the DOJ approve this merger?