Suppose, based on these results, researchers decide to make the cutoff for high blood lead levels at 3.10 micrograms/dL. A binary variable is created such that a value of 1 indicates that an individual's blood lead level is greater than 3.10 micrograms/dl, and a value of 0 indicates that an individual's HDL blood lead level is less than or equal to 3.10 micrograms/dL. What percentage of the females would have a value of 1 for this binary indicator? (you may assume there are no repeated values in these data) O 2.5% 16% 5% This cannot be answered without having access to a standard normal table
Continuous Probability Distributions
Probability distributions are of two types, which are continuous probability distributions and discrete probability distributions. A continuous probability distribution contains an infinite number of values. For example, if time is infinite: you could count from 0 to a trillion seconds, billion seconds, so on indefinitely. A discrete probability distribution consists of only a countable set of possible values.
Normal Distribution
Suppose we had to design a bathroom weighing scale, how would we decide what should be the range of the weighing machine? Would we take the highest recorded human weight in history and use that as the upper limit for our weighing scale? This may not be a great idea as the sensitivity of the scale would get reduced if the range is too large. At the same time, if we keep the upper limit too low, it may not be usable for a large percentage of the population!

 alt="4. Data from the year 2012 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) survey includes laboratory
measurements on a random sample of more than four-thousand 18 - 65 year old persons in the United States. The
following boxplots display the distribution of blood lead levels (mg/dL) for this sample, separately for males and females.
The accompanying tables display summary statistics of the sample values.
Blood Lead Levels by Biological Sex
NHANES Laboratory Data, 2012
Females (n=2,128)
Males (n=1,892)
20
i: 1.27
Î: 1.97
s: 1.61
Range: 0.18 -22.3
s: 1.16
Range: 0.18 – 15.2
Percentiles:
5h: 0.60
25th: 1.00
Percentiles:
5h: 0.37
25: 0.62
50: 0.95
50: 1.60
75th: 1.5
75th: 2.4
95: 3.10
95h: 4.6
Blood Lead Level (micrograms/dl)
15
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