Suppose an oceanographer monitors the daily salinity of a particular ocean in relation to the temperature of the water. The oceanographer plots the data with temperature, in degrees Celsius (°C), along the horizontal axis and salinity, in parts per thousand (ppt), along the vertical axis.   Select the true statement about the data point identified by the arrow. An ocean temperature of 21 °C causes the salinity to be 29 ppt. The predicted salinity is 29 ppt when the ocean temperature for the day is 21 °C. An ocean temperature of 29 °C corresponds to a salinity level of 21 ppt. The observed salinity is 29 ppt when the ocean temperature for the day is 21 °C. There is no relationship between the temperature of the ocean on a given day and salinity.

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Inverse Normal Distribution

The method used for finding the corresponding z-critical value in a normal distribution using the known probability is said to be an inverse normal distribution. The inverse normal distribution is a continuous probability distribution with a family of two parameters.

Mean, Median, Mode

It is a descriptive summary of a data set. It can be defined by using some of the measures. The central tendencies do not provide information regarding individual data from the dataset. However, they give a summary of the data set. The central tendency or measure of central tendency is a central or typical value for a probability distribution.

Z-Scores

A z-score is a unit of measurement used in statistics to describe the position of a raw score in terms of its distance from the mean, measured with reference to standard deviation from the mean. Z-scores are useful in statistics because they allow comparison between two scores that belong to different normal distributions.