Suppose an exam consists of multiple-choice questions, with each question having 5 options. Exactly one of the five options is the correct answer. Suppose 24 points are awarded for a correctly answered question. (a) How many points should be deducted for an incorrectly answered question, so that for a student guessing randomly, the expected score on a question is zero?

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A: Solution

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Learning and memory

Learning is defined as a relatively permanent and irreversible adaptive change in behavior. It always results from experience. The ability of an organism to store and recall the effects, sensations, and knowledge gained through learning and experience is called memory.