Suppose Alice computes the Secret suffix MAC (page 322: secret suffix MAC(x) = h(x || key)) for the message ”GD” (in ASCII) with key " H”(in ASCII) that both Alice and Bob know. The hash function that is used is                       h(x1x2x3)= g(g(x1 XOR x2) XOR x3 ) where each xi is a character represented as 8 bits, and g(x) is a 8-bit string that is equal to the complement of bits in x. For example, g(10110011) = 01001100. The MAC is 8 bits. (8-bit ASCII representation of the                        characters is given below.)

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Fundamentals of blockchaining

In a business network, the tracking assets and the process of recording transactions are facilitated by the shared immutable ledger called a blockchain. Assets are of two types they are tangible and intangible. The tangible assets are land, house, cash, etc. The intangible assets are copyrights, branding, properties patterns, intellectual property, etc. On a blockchain network, anything that has a value can be tracked and it can be traded.