Suppose a geneticist uses a three-point testcross to map three recessive, linked hummingbird wing-shape mutations called tk, f, and s, where tk is associated with thick wings, f is associated with flat wings, and s is associated with sharp wings. He first crosses homozygous sharp birds to homozygous thick, flat birds. Next, he testcrosses the Fi progeny to thick, flat, sharp birds. He obtained the results shown. Given this data, label the progeny phenotypic classes as either parental, single crossover (SCO), or double crossover (DCO) recombinant types. Each label may be used multiple times. Two classes have already been filled in. Phenotype Number Recombinant type sharp 819 Answer Bank thick, flat 821 SCO DCO flat 183 parental thick, sharp 169 SCO thick 6. flat, sharp thick, flat, sharp 28 SCO wild type 26

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Genetic Variation

Genetic variation refers to the variation in the genome sequences between individual organisms of a species. Individual differences or population differences can both be referred to as genetic variations. It is primarily caused by mutation, but other factors such as genetic drift and sexual reproduction also play a major role.

Quantitative Genetics

Quantitative genetics is the part of genetics that deals with the continuous trait, where the expression of various genes influences the phenotypes. Thus genes are expressed together to produce a trait with continuous variability. This is unlike the classical traits or qualitative traits, where each trait is controlled by the expression of a single or very few genes to produce a discontinuous variation.