Human Anatomy & Physiology (11th Edition)
11th Edition
ISBN:9780134580999
Author:Elaine N. Marieb, Katja N. Hoehn
Publisher:Elaine N. Marieb, Katja N. Hoehn
Chapter1: The Human Body: An Orientation
Section: Chapter Questions
Problem 1RQ: The correct sequence of levels forming the structural hierarchy is A. (a) organ, organ system,...
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Oogenesis
The formation of the ovum (mature female gamete) from undifferentiated germ cells is called oogenesis. This process takes place in the ovaries (female gonads). Oogenesis consists of three stages known as the multiplication phase, growth phase, and maturation phase.
Cell Division
Cell division involves the formation of new daughter cells from the parent cells. It is a part of the cell cycle that takes place in both prokaryotic and eukaryotic organisms. Cell division is required for three main reasons:
Question

Transcribed Image Text:**Summary of Mitosis**
*Introduction*
Mitosis is a fundamental process for life, responsible for cell division that results in two genetically identical daughter cells. It plays a crucial role in growth, repair, and asexual reproduction.
*Stages of Mitosis*
1. **Prophase**: Chromosomes condense and become visible. The nuclear envelope begins to disintegrate, and the mitotic spindle starts to form.
2. **Metaphase**: Chromosomes align at the metaphase plate (center of the cell). Spindle fibers attach to the centromere of each chromosome.
3. **Anaphase**: Sister chromatids are pulled apart towards opposite poles of the cell by the shortening of spindle fibers.
4. **Telophase**: Chromosomes reach the poles, begin to de-condense, and are enclosed by new nuclear envelopes. The spindle fibers disassemble.
*Cytokinesis*
Following mitosis, cytokinesis divides the cytoplasm of the parental cell into two daughter cells. In animal cells, a cleavage furrow forms to split the cells, while in plant cells, a cell plate forms.
*Significance of Mitosis*
- **Growth and Development**: Mitosis is crucial for the growth of organisms by increasing cell number.
- **Tissue Repair and Regeneration**: Replaces damaged or dead cells.
- **Asexual Reproduction**: Enables certain organisms to reproduce identical offspring without genetic variation.
Understanding mitosis is a key aspect of learning about cellular functions and genetic continuity.
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