Summary of mitosis

Human Anatomy & Physiology (11th Edition)
11th Edition
ISBN:9780134580999
Author:Elaine N. Marieb, Katja N. Hoehn
Publisher:Elaine N. Marieb, Katja N. Hoehn
Chapter1: The Human Body: An Orientation
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**Summary of Mitosis**

*Introduction*
Mitosis is a fundamental process for life, responsible for cell division that results in two genetically identical daughter cells. It plays a crucial role in growth, repair, and asexual reproduction.

*Stages of Mitosis*
1. **Prophase**: Chromosomes condense and become visible. The nuclear envelope begins to disintegrate, and the mitotic spindle starts to form.

2. **Metaphase**: Chromosomes align at the metaphase plate (center of the cell). Spindle fibers attach to the centromere of each chromosome.

3. **Anaphase**: Sister chromatids are pulled apart towards opposite poles of the cell by the shortening of spindle fibers.

4. **Telophase**: Chromosomes reach the poles, begin to de-condense, and are enclosed by new nuclear envelopes. The spindle fibers disassemble.

*Cytokinesis*
Following mitosis, cytokinesis divides the cytoplasm of the parental cell into two daughter cells. In animal cells, a cleavage furrow forms to split the cells, while in plant cells, a cell plate forms.

*Significance of Mitosis*
- **Growth and Development**: Mitosis is crucial for the growth of organisms by increasing cell number.
- **Tissue Repair and Regeneration**: Replaces damaged or dead cells.
- **Asexual Reproduction**: Enables certain organisms to reproduce identical offspring without genetic variation.

Understanding mitosis is a key aspect of learning about cellular functions and genetic continuity.
Transcribed Image Text:**Summary of Mitosis** *Introduction* Mitosis is a fundamental process for life, responsible for cell division that results in two genetically identical daughter cells. It plays a crucial role in growth, repair, and asexual reproduction. *Stages of Mitosis* 1. **Prophase**: Chromosomes condense and become visible. The nuclear envelope begins to disintegrate, and the mitotic spindle starts to form. 2. **Metaphase**: Chromosomes align at the metaphase plate (center of the cell). Spindle fibers attach to the centromere of each chromosome. 3. **Anaphase**: Sister chromatids are pulled apart towards opposite poles of the cell by the shortening of spindle fibers. 4. **Telophase**: Chromosomes reach the poles, begin to de-condense, and are enclosed by new nuclear envelopes. The spindle fibers disassemble. *Cytokinesis* Following mitosis, cytokinesis divides the cytoplasm of the parental cell into two daughter cells. In animal cells, a cleavage furrow forms to split the cells, while in plant cells, a cell plate forms. *Significance of Mitosis* - **Growth and Development**: Mitosis is crucial for the growth of organisms by increasing cell number. - **Tissue Repair and Regeneration**: Replaces damaged or dead cells. - **Asexual Reproduction**: Enables certain organisms to reproduce identical offspring without genetic variation. Understanding mitosis is a key aspect of learning about cellular functions and genetic continuity.
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