Summarize this While the major economies slid into recession and industries suffered great losses to the COVID-19 pandemic, E-commerce sales saw explosive growth. In this rapid movement of consumers to online purchasing and delivery services, there has been a large increase in the demand for packaging materials, such as cardboard boxes. Supporting this, Parcel Shipping Index by Pitney Bowes Inc. (2020) finds global parcel volume exceeding 131 billion, a 27% increase from 2019. Corrugated cardboards are largely and versatilely used for secondary packaging of goods, up to the tertiary packaging of large packs into mass cargo (Saxon Packaging, 2020). In addition to its relatively low cost, its strength and durability are also remarkable in protecting a variety of products from damage, notably during the shipment process. Given this, businesses have been largely reliant on the material as a practical, secure, and sustainable way of containing their products from production centers to their consumers. (Kaushal, Sirohiya, & Rathore, 2010) However, with the surge in the production of cardboard, so has their resulting environmental impact (Yilan, Ozcan, & Caglar, 2020). During this time of the pandemic, while the industry of Philippine E-commerce grew and manifested as a severe shift in package volume, a great amount of waste from the packaging materials was generated, in which cardboard is already annually a great contributor — comprising about 31% of the local municipal solid waste (Philippine Environmental Management Bureau, 2013). The environmental damages from deforestation and air pollution to improper waste management. Where cutting trees and making pulp for the production of the likes of cardboard cause rising carbon dioxide and sulfur dioxide concentration levels. And discharges from pulp and paper mills pollute the nearby natural bodies of water, further impacting biodiversity. Moreover, the decomposition of the disposed boxes and containers in open landfills releases methane in the atmosphere; Thus, the worsened effect of greenhouse gasses and the induction of global warming. (Chua, 2021; Matthews, 2016) On a different note, pomace remains another source of environmental pollution. For major crop vegetables in the Philippines, the processing generates mass by-product wastage. Since the seeds are tasteless and indigestible, they are usually meticulously removed before consumption. In a commercial setting, deseeding also occurs, in which it is an automated process for numerous food companies into producing puree, juices, sauces, and dried powders; And so, a bulk of pomace is produced but is commonly disposed of (Kumar, Tomat, Bhuyan, Punia, Grasso, Carciofi, Arrutia, Changan, Singh, Dhumal, Senapathy, Satankar, Anitha, Sharma, Pandeiselvam, Amarowicz, & Mekhemar, 2021). Furthermore, the Philippines has been plagued by inefficient waste collection and a lack of disposal facilities, while other countries have developed systematic means of managing waste, such as the United States of America and Japan with designated recycling centers. In 2001, the Philippines had pursued its programs of solid waste management and related protection of public health and environment through the passage of Republic Act 9003 or the Ecological Solid Waste Management. However, data exhibits that the local government units (LGUs) had struggled with the implementation of the legislation even two decades after its passage. In 2030, annual solid waste production is expected to increase by five (5) kilograms, resulting in a total of 20 million metric tons. Comparing this with the annual solid waste production in the Philippines in 2014, it is alarmingly an estimated 40% increase (Gatchalian, 2020). Despite the rising solid waste production, Filipino citizens continue to fail practice in proper waste disposal. Statistical data by Parayno & Muzmente (2006) shows that an estimated 5,980 tons of domestic wastes in Metro Manila alone are not being composted nor recycled out of 6,700 tons of wastes. In addition, the Philippines does not have government-owned centralized or designated recycling centers for recyclable wastes, and instead, the local government units (LGUs) rely on landfills to dump all of the wastes (Castillo & Otoma, 2013). However, out of a thousand LGUs, more or less than 300 are serviced by operational sanitary landfills, whereas there are still 400 operational illegal dumpsites. Cardboard loses its potentiality to be mass recycled for sustainable production since there are inadequate facilities and inefficient implementation.