Student Absences and Grades on the Final Exam Dr. V. noticed that the more frequently a student is late or absent from class the worse he or she performs on the final exam. He decided to investigate. Dr. V. collected a random sample of 22 students. This sample includes the number of times a student is absent and their grades on the final exam. The data can be found in the Excel file Assignment10.xlsx. Do not use any software that I did not assign. Question 1: Which or the two variables (times absent or grades on the final exam) is the independent variable and which is the dependent variable? Question 2: Using Microsoft Excel: SHOW YOUR WORK Times Late/ Absent Final Exam Grade 1 9 84.00 2 2 92.50 3 12 52.00 4 5 87.00 5 11 75.00 6 24 45.00 7 7 39.00 8 10 46.00 9 19 63.00 10 2 65.00 11 2 98.00 12 17 24.50 13 8 58.00 14 20 69.50 15 55 49.00 16 23 68.50 17 6 70.00 18 4 75.50 19 2 85.00 20 7 97.00 21 2 97.00 22 2 93.50 23 0 93.50 24 2 78.00 25 2 86.00 26 2 88.00 Count the number of XY variables. Calculate the mean and sample standard deviation of both the independent and dependent variables. Calculate the correlation coefficient, r, using Excel’s CORREL function. Explain what it means. Calculate the coefficient of determination, r2, using Excel’s RSQ function. Explain what it means.. Remember: Both the coefficient of correlation and the coefficient of determination are considered standardized Effect Sizes. Be sure to discussion the size of the effect. Alpha 0.05 given n 26 given df 24 =B2-2 CV t 2.064 =T.INV.2T(B1,B3) r ='Exercise1_Excel_Built-In f.'!E4 r2 ='Exercise1_Excel_Built-In f.'!E5 t 0.000 =(B5*SQRT(B3))/SQRT(1-B6) p-value 1.00000 =TDIST(ABS(B8),B3,2) Question 3: Using Excel, conduct a NHST to determine whether there is a correlation in the population. Use a 0.05 significance level. Test Set-Up: What type of Null Hypothesis Test should you use? Is this a left-tailed, two-tailed, or right-tailed test? Significance Level: Use a 5% significance level. What is/are the Critical Value(s)? Write the Null & Alternate Hypotheses H0: H1: Here are the Greek Letters and mathematical symbols. Mathematical Symbols = ≤ ≥ ≠ > < Greek Letters μ π σ ρ Σ ν Write the Decision Rule using the Critical Value(s), not p-values. Calculate the value of the test statistic and the p-value. Use G*Power to calculate Statistical Power and the probability of a Type II Error. Test Family: t tests. Statistical test: Correlation: Point biserial model. Type of power analysis: Post hoc: Compute achieved power – given α, sample size, and effect size. Input parameters: tails (two), Effect size (The coefficient of correlation), α err prob (0.05), Total sample size (the n of the XY variables). Discuss the implications of the calculated Statistical Power and the probability of a Type II Error. What is your decision regarding the Null Hypothesis? Frame your report in the context of this problem.

Student Absences and Grades on the Final Exam Dr. V. noticed that the more frequently a student is late or absent from class the worse he or she performs on the final exam. He decided to investigate. Dr. V. collected a random sample of 22 students. This sample includes the number of times a student is absent and their grades on the final exam. The data can be found in the Excel file Assignment10.xlsx. Do not use any software that I did not assign. Question 1: Which or the two variables (times absent or grades on the final exam) is the independent variable and which is the dependent variable? Question 2: Using Microsoft Excel: SHOW YOUR WORK Times Late/ Absent Final Exam Grade 1 9 84.00 2 2 92.50 3 12 52.00 4 5 87.00 5 11 75.00 6 24 45.00 7 7 39.00 8 10 46.00 9 19 63.00 10 2 65.00 11 2 98.00 12 17 24.50 13 8 58.00 14 20 69.50 15 55 49.00 16 23 68.50 17 6 70.00 18 4 75.50 19 2 85.00 20 7 97.00 21 2 97.00 22 2 93.50 23 0 93.50 24 2 78.00 25 2 86.00 26 2 88.00 Count the number of XY variables. Calculate the mean and sample standard deviation of both the independent and dependent variables. Calculate the correlation coefficient, r, using Excel’s CORREL function. Explain what it means. Calculate the coefficient of determination, r2, using Excel’s RSQ function. Explain what it means.. Remember: Both the coefficient of correlation and the coefficient of determination are considered standardized Effect Sizes. Be sure to discussion the size of the effect. Alpha 0.05 given n 26 given df 24 =B2-2 CV t 2.064 =T.INV.2T(B1,B3) r ='Exercise1_Excel_Built-In f.'!E4 r2 ='Exercise1_Excel_Built-In f.'!E5 t 0.000 =(B5SQRT(B3))/SQRT(1-B6) p-value 1.00000 =TDIST(ABS(B8),B3,2) Question 3: Using Excel, conduct a NHST to determine whether there is a correlation in the population. Use a 0.05 significance level. Test Set-Up: What type of Null Hypothesis Test should you use? Is this a left-tailed, two-tailed, or right-tailed test? Significance Level: Use a 5% significance level. What is/are the Critical Value(s)? Write the Null & Alternate Hypotheses H0: H1: Here are the Greek Letters and mathematical symbols. Mathematical Symbols = ≤ ≥ ≠ > < Greek Letters μ π σ ρ Σ ν Write the Decision Rule using the Critical Value(s), not p-values. Calculate the value of the test statistic and the p-value. Use GPower to calculate Statistical Power and the probability of a Type II Error. Test Family: t tests. Statistical test: Correlation: Point biserial model. Type of power analysis: Post hoc: Compute achieved power – given α, sample size, and effect size. Input parameters: tails (two), Effect size (The coefficient of correlation), α err prob (0.05), Total sample size (the n of the XY variables). Discuss the implications of the calculated Statistical Power and the probability of a Type II Error. What is your decision regarding the Null Hypothesis? Frame your report in the context of this problem.

Glencoe Algebra 1, Student Edition, 9780079039897, 0079039898, 2018

18th Edition

ISBN:9780079039897

Author:Carter

Publisher:Carter

Chapter4: Equations Of Linear Functions

Section4.5: Correlation And Causation

Problem 15PPS

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Student Absences and Grades on the Final Exam

Dr. V. noticed that the more frequently a student is late or absent from class the worse he or she performs on the final exam. He decided to investigate. Dr. V. collected a random sample of 22 students. This sample includes the number of times a student is absent and their grades on the final exam. The data can be found in the Excel file Assignment10.xlsx. Do not use any software that I did not assign.

Question 1: Which or the two variables (times absent or grades on the final exam) is the independent variable and which is the dependent variable?

Question 2: Using Microsoft Excel: SHOW YOUR WORK

	Times Late/ Absent	Final Exam Grade
1	9	84.00
2	2	92.50
3	12	52.00
4	5	87.00
5	11	75.00
6	24	45.00
7	7	39.00
8	10	46.00
9	19	63.00
10	2	65.00
11	2	98.00
12	17	24.50
13	8	58.00
14	20	69.50
15	55	49.00
16	23	68.50
17	6	70.00
18	4	75.50
19	2	85.00
20	7	97.00
21	2	97.00
22	2	93.50
23	0	93.50
24	2	78.00
25	2	86.00
26	2	88.00

Count the number of XY variables.

Calculate the mean and sample standard deviation of both the independent and dependent variables.

Calculate the correlation coefficient, r, using Excel’s CORREL function. Explain what it means.

Calculate the coefficient of determination, r², using Excel’s RSQ function. Explain what it means..

Remember: Both the coefficient of correlation and the coefficient of determination are considered standardized Effect Sizes. Be sure to discussion the size of the effect.

Alpha	0.05	given
n	26	given
df	24	=B2-2
CV t	2.064	=T.INV.2T(B1,B3)
r		='Exercise1_Excel_Built-In f.'!E4
r²		='Exercise1_Excel_Built-In f.'!E5

t	0.000	=(B5*SQRT(B3))/SQRT(1-B6)
p-value	1.00000	=TDIST(ABS(B8),B3,2)

Question 3: Using Excel, conduct a NHST to determine whether there is a correlation in the population. Use a 0.05 significance level.

Test Set-Up: What type of Null Hypothesis Test should you use? Is this a left-tailed, two-tailed, or right-tailed test?
Significance Level: Use a 5% significance level. What is/are the Critical Value(s)?
Write the Null & Alternate Hypotheses

H₀:

H₁:

Here are the Greek Letters and mathematical symbols.

Mathematical Symbols
=	≤	≥	≠	>	<
Greek Letters
μ	π	σ	ρ	Σ	ν

Write the Decision Rule using the Critical Value(s), not p-values.
Calculate the value of the test statistic and the p-value.
Use G*Power to calculate Statistical Power and the probability of a Type II Error.
1. Test Family: t tests.
2. Statistical test: Correlation: Point biserial model.
3. Type of power analysis: Post hoc: Compute achieved power – given α, sample size, and effect size.
4. Input parameters: tails (two), Effect size (The coefficient of correlation), α err prob (0.05), Total sample size (the n of the XY variables).
5. Discuss the implications of the calculated Statistical Power and the probability of a Type II Error.
What is your decision regarding the Null Hypothesis? Frame your report in the context of this problem.

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