Lipids
The heterogeneous classes of organic compounds that are not water-soluble but are dissolved in organic solvents that are non-polar in nature are termed lipids. They are a long chain of fatty acids and esters of alcohols. Lipids are generally seen in several plants, microorganisms, and animals. They are utilized as insulation, components of the cell membrane, hormones, and molecules for the storage of energy.
Glycerophospholipid
Glycerophospholipid is the most abundantly occuring phospholipids found in the biological membranes. Lipids include a group of organic compounds like fats, hormones, oils, waxes, vitamins etc. They are non-polar molecules and are insoluble in water. Lipids play an important role in biological systems. They are the building blocks of our cell membranes, store energy and are involved in signaling.
Structure Of Camphor
A terpene with the molecular formula of C10H16O is a waxy, white color solid known as camphor. It is flammable. It also possesses a very pungent taste and a strong odor. There are various sources for extracting camphor from natural products such as the wood of the tree of camphor laurel. Sublimation of wood and steam distillation are some of the methods involved in obtaining camphor.
Glycolipid In Organic Chemistry
Glycolipids are lipids that are an important class of organic compounds in chemistry that have simple to complex applications. They contain carbohydrates, fatty acids, sphingolipids or a glycerol group. In other words, they are the modifications of lipids like acylglycerols, prenols and ceramides. They are all part of a wider group of compounds known as glycoconjugates.
Diterpenoid
The terpenoid class includes diterpenoids, which are chemical compounds with 20 carbon atoms. They are made up of four isoprene units and are derived from geranylgeraniol, a C20 precursor. They have a C20H32 basic structure. These characteristics distinguish diterpenoids from simple terpenes, which have just 10 carbon atoms.
![Alkyl Halides (X = CI, Br or I): Assume AICI, is present if needed
2 of 2
G
un acid catalyst [H+], or pyridine, is present if needed.
он
OH
OH
CHJOH
AA
BB
DD
EE
FF
GG
HH
Ketones, Aldehydes and Epoxides: Assume "then H,0" is included if a protonation step is needed
K.
P
R
V
Acid Chlorides: Assume AICI, or pyridine is present if needed
YY
zZ
Other Reagents:
11 PCC in CH2C2
21 Br2, FeBr3
22 Mg. Et,0
23 Cl2, AICI3
24 SOCI2, pyridine
25 HNO3, H2SO4
26 fuming H2SO4
1 H3O* (dilute H2SO4) or H3O*, heat
2 conc. H2SO4, heat
3 NaOEt
12 NazCr207, H2S04, H2O
13 BH3•THF or 9-BBN, then H2O2, NaOH
14 Hg(OAc)2, H2O, then NaBH4
15 O3, then Zn, HCI or DMS
16 MCPBA or CH;CO3H
17 Br2, light or NBS, heat
4 t-BUOK
5 H2, Pt
6 H2, Lindlar's catalyst
7 Na, NH3
8 LAH or xs LAH, then H20
9 NABH4, CH3OH
10 NABH,CN, pH 5
27 Fe, HCI; then NaOH
28 Zn(Hg). НCI
29 KCN, or KCN + HCN
30 CO2, then H30*
18 HBr
19 HBr, ROOR
20 PB13
31 (H*]. HOʻ
32 NH3 (1 or 2 equiv.)
33 CH,NH2 (1 or 2 equiv)
34 (CH3)½NH (1 or 2 equiv)
35 EINH2 (1 or 2 equiv)
36 PHCH,NH2 (1 or 2 equiv).
37 LDA, -78 °C
(-H20)
Grignard, Wittig and Gilman Reagents:
Assume "then H,0" is included if a protonation step is needed
MgBr
MeMgBr
EtMgBr
PhMgBr
G1
G2
G3
G4
CuLi
Me,Culi Et,Culi (PHCH2),CULI
38 NaH, 25 °C
39 LIAI(OR);H, then H20
40 DIBAH, then H2O
41 Br2. [H3O*]
42 Br2, NaOH
43 Pyridine
G5
G6
G7
G8
MePh,P=CH2 PhyP=CHCH3 PhyP=CHCO,Et PhyP=CHPH
W1
w2
W3
W4](/v2/_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fcontent.bartleby.com%2Fqna-images%2Fquestion%2Fbc96294a-6867-4c53-8945-7b1c26d22cf9%2Fb90cb635-acd2-4620-8cf2-b41babb57565%2F6x8h5rm_processed.jpeg&w=3840&q=75)
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