**Transcription for Educational Website:** **Q5.** Borer et al. [1980], studied 45 individuals after an acute myocardial infarction (heart attack). They measured the ejection fraction (EF); the EF is the percent of the blood pumped from the left ventricle (the pumping chamber of the heart) during a heartbeat. A low EF indicates damaged or dead heart muscle (myocardium). During follow-up, four patients died. Dividing EF into low (< 35%) and high (≥ 35%) EF groups produced the following table. | EF | Vital Status | | |------------|--------------|----------| | | Dead | Alive | | < 35% | 4 | 9 | | ≥ 35% | 0 | 32 | Is there reason to suspect, at a 0.05 significance level, that death is more likely in the low EF group? Use a one-sided p-value for your answer, since biological plausibility (and prior literature) indicates low EF is a risk factor for mortality.

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**Transcription for Educational Website:**

**Q5.**

Borer et al. [1980], studied 45 individuals after an acute myocardial infarction (heart attack). They measured the ejection fraction (EF); the EF is the percent of the blood pumped from the left ventricle (the pumping chamber of the heart) during a heartbeat. A low EF indicates damaged or dead heart muscle (myocardium). During follow-up, four patients died. Dividing EF into low (< 35%) and high (≥ 35%) EF groups produced the following table.

| EF         | Vital Status |          |
|------------|--------------|----------|
|            | Dead         | Alive    |
| < 35%      | 4            | 9        |
| ≥ 35%      | 0            | 32       |

Is there reason to suspect, at a 0.05 significance level, that death is more likely in the low EF group? Use a one-sided p-value for your answer, since biological plausibility (and prior literature) indicates low EF is a risk factor for mortality.
Transcribed Image Text:**Transcription for Educational Website:** **Q5.** Borer et al. [1980], studied 45 individuals after an acute myocardial infarction (heart attack). They measured the ejection fraction (EF); the EF is the percent of the blood pumped from the left ventricle (the pumping chamber of the heart) during a heartbeat. A low EF indicates damaged or dead heart muscle (myocardium). During follow-up, four patients died. Dividing EF into low (< 35%) and high (≥ 35%) EF groups produced the following table. | EF | Vital Status | | |------------|--------------|----------| | | Dead | Alive | | < 35% | 4 | 9 | | ≥ 35% | 0 | 32 | Is there reason to suspect, at a 0.05 significance level, that death is more likely in the low EF group? Use a one-sided p-value for your answer, since biological plausibility (and prior literature) indicates low EF is a risk factor for mortality.
Expert Solution
Step 1

Here, we use hypothesis testing:

Null hypothesis (H0) : p1 =p2

Alternate Hypothesis (Ha) : P1 >P2

 

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