State expressions for the effective energy density of the curvature term, Pk and the energy density of the cosmological constant term, p in the Friedmann equation, so that the right hand side of the Friedmann equation can be written as the sum of energy densities.
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- Consider the following hypothetical reaction, involving an unknown meson, X. The meson has zero topness, bottomness, strangeness, and charm. stu std X (i) Deduce the particles that comprise particle X. Explain your reasoning. (ii) Deduce the exchange boson that mediates this reaction. Explain your reasoning.1. Assume a flat Friedmann-Robertson-Walker universe dominated by a cosmological constant. Calculate the time evolution of the scale factor a. Choose as initialcondition a(t0) = a0.2. Using the energy conservation equation, derive the equation of state for a cosmological constant.3. Assume an open Friedmann-Robertson-Walker universe dominated by its curvature.Calculate the time evolution of the scale factor a. Choose as initial condition a(t0) =a0.choose the answer from the drop down
- (c) A particle has spin 3/2 and is made up of 3 s quarks, which lie in the ground state energy level. What is the charge and strangeness of the particle? Explain why the existence of this particle supports evidence that quarks possess the colour quantum number. The most probable decay of the particle is to a A, which has quark structure uds, and a K™. which has quark structure üs. Draw the Feynman diagram for this decay. KAssuming particles can be formed due to thermal interactions alone, calculate the minimum temperature required for the creation of, c) ElectronAssuming particles can be formed due to thermal interactions alone, calculate the minimum temperature required for the creation of, b) Proton
- . When a muon decays, the angular distribution of the daughter electron is 1 P(cos 0) = (1 + a cos 0), where e is the angle measured relative to the muon spin, and a is a well-defined number. Imagine that you are writing a Monte Carlo model that includes such a decay. Find the quadratic equation that has to be solved to generate appropri- ate values for cos 6, in terms of computer-generated random numbers x that are uniform over the range 0(a) The most common decay mode of the Ξ− particle is Ξ− → Λ0 + π− . Using the quantum numbers in the table given above, show that strangeness changes by 1, baryon number and charge are conserved, and lepton family numbers are unaffected. (b) Is the decay K+ → μ+ + νμ allowed, given the quantum numbers in the table given above?For this problem, you may use your notes and the tables provided only for parts a, b, and c. a) For the given quark combination ( d , s̅ ) determine the baryon number, the strangeness, and the electric charge quantum number, Q’. Recall, a particle’s charge q is related to its electric charge quantum number Q’ by q = eQ’. [Note: we are using the symbol Q’ so as to prevent confusion with the Q-value of a nuclear decay.] b) Using the tables provided, identify the hadron that corresponds to the above data. Estimate the 2 expected mass of the hadron in units of MeV/c^2 c) Determine the hypercharge, the z-component of the isospin, and the isospin for the hadron given in your answer to part b) above.Determine the electric charge, baryon number, strangeness quantum number, and charm quantum number for the following quark combinations: (a) uds; (b) cu bar; (c) ddd; and (d) d c bar. Explain your reasoning.The weak force is mediated by the exchange of virtual particles called the W+, W, and Zº. Taking the rest energy of one of these particles to be approximately 80 GeV (correct for the W* and W, but the Zº is more like 90 GeV), calculate the approximate range of the weak force. Do not just use a formula from class, but show the work involved in deriving the formula.Derive the Wein Displacement Law by setting the derivative of the following function equal to zero and solving for lambdamax. (Note: After differentiating, you will have to make the assumption that ehc/lambda*k*T -1= ehc/lambda*k*T ) I(lambda)=2πhc2 /lambda5 (1/ehc/lambda*k*T -1).SEE MORE QUESTIONS