- Spontaneous mutation in genome Vertical gene transfer (a) Mutation Plasmid transfer FIGURE 8.1 Mechanisms of Genetic Vertical gene transfer Change in Bacteria (a) Mutation. (b) Horizontal transfer of plasmid- encoded genes; other DNA can be transferred horizontally as well. ? Which would have a greater effect on an organlsm's genotype-mutatlon or horizontal gene transfer? (b) Horizontal gene transfer

Q: Explain why the enzyme rubisco is thought to be inefficient?

A: Enzymes are biological molecules that catalyze, or speed up, chemical reactions in living organisms.…

Q: Distinguish between mutation and horizontal gene transfer.

A: Bacteria can react to selective pressures and acclimate to new surroundings by gaining new inherited…

Q: Describe how DNA mutations can create new alleles at random.

A: DNA or deoxyribonucleic acid can be defined as the molecule which contains the genetic code of…

Q: what is a heritable change that alters the expression of a gene without altering the DNA sequence of…

A: Gene expression can be defined as the process by which the information encoded in a gene is used to…

Q: Explain how an organism uses gene expression to create a phenotype from a genotype.

A: The term 'Genotype' & 'Phenotype' are commonly used in the discipline of Genetics. Genetics is…

Q: selective breeding is done by what?

A: The DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) is the hereditary unit of an organism. The genes consist of the DNA…

Q: An individual has a mutation in the gene that codes for hemoglobin. This results in sickle cell…

A: In sickle cell disease, the mutation causes the substitution of the amino acid glutamic acid with…

Q: Define transformation in griffin's experiment.

A: Griffith experiment changed the understanding of genetic material and DNA was accepted as the…

Q: Describe the difference between a test group and a control group, and explain why they are…

A: In the scientific experiment, scientists search the different effects of treatment A and treatment B…

Q: What is mutation? describe its type and how mutation and evolution are interrelated. Discuss

A: Mutation is change in Dna sequences and it may range in size from one Dna base to whole chromosome…

Q: Are mutations harmful?a. Yes, because the DNA is damaged.b. No, because changes in the DNA result in…

A: Mutations in biology is defined as a change in DNA sequence from normal sequence. Mutations can be…

Q: Gene expression can be viewed at which of the following levels?a. Molecular and cellular levelsb.…

A: Gene expression is a process by which genetic code is converted to functional protein or non-protein…

Q: Explain Disease-Causing Mutations Are Hidden in a Sea of Variation

A: Introns and exons are nucleotide sequences within a gene. Introns are removed by RNA splicing as RNA…

Q: /Different genes, different mutation rates EXPLAIN?

A: Genes are the functional unit of heredity. The genes code for proteins which are vital for growth…

Q: What might happen, for instance, if in a research study cancer cell genes were transferred into…

A: Gene therapy is a way of treating or preventing disease by altering the genetic instructions within…

Q: Explain what happens to the sequence of DNA during trinucleotiderepeat expansion (TNRE). If someone…

A: Three nucleotide having a repeated sequence gets longer during trinucleotide repeat expansion (TNRE)…

Q: Short Answer: What are environmental effects in genes?

A: Gene:  A gene is a unit of genetic information that is passed from parents to offspring and…

Q: Define these terms and use an example (regarding genetics): -transitions -transversions -cryptic…

A: Sudden change in the nucleotide sequence in a genome (DNA/RNA) is known as mutation. Mutation can be…

Q: hat is subcloning

A: Biology is a branch of science. Bio means life and ology means study. Biology is basically the study…

Q: How Mutation Creates New Alleles in a Gene Pool ?

A: The biochemical substances that are carried from the preceding to the succeeding generation are the…

Q: Explain how cells can be transformed by inserting new DNA sequences into their genomes.

A: The genome of an organism represents all the genetic information contained within the cells. This…

Q: explain how genetic mutations are used to develop new breeds of animals and new varieties of plants.

A: The topic is related to transgenic technology.

Q: For a mutation that does not have a fitness cost to the individuals who carry it, we call the…

A: A mutation occurs when the sequence of DNA changes. Mutations may occur as a result of DNA copying…

Q: A genome is the set of an organism's genes and other DNA sequences? T\F???

A: The uniqueness of organisms depends on their genetic makeup. The genetic material of an organism…

Q: What is the most important cause of genetic variation? Viruses, replication errors, or mutagens?

A: The questions asks about the main cause of the genetic variation in humans.The given options are:1.…

Q: How do vertical and horizontal gene transfer differ?

A: Gene transfer is the transmission of DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) from one organism to another. It…

Q: Explain mutation as a force of evolution (how do mutations contribute to biological change?

A: A mutation is a change in DNA, the hereditary substance of life is a mutation.

Q: Which are Two different kinds of events that initiate DNA changes?

A: The genome of an organism consists of DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid). It is not a static molecule as it…

Q: in inherited chan Alternate versions of genes (different alleles) account for This is why siblings…

A: Genes are the units of heredity. They are specific nucleotides that are responsible for phenotypic…

Q: The Chromosome Theory Integrates which Aspects of Gene Behavior?

A: Genotype is the genetic makeup of an organism. Chromosomes are the large molecules of genes or DNA.…

Q: Expand the term ESTs?

A: In this question we need to tell what does EST stands for.

Q: What choice best descirbes how genes are used in different cell types in your body. An example of…

A: Cell is the smallest structural and, functional unit of life. It is simple machinery that houses all…

Q: Describe what a gene is?draw/use a diagram to show where genes are located.

A: Genetics is a branch of biology that deals with the study of genes, genetic variation, and heredity…

Q: Why is DNA coping essential part of the process of reproduction?

A: Cell reproduction is a vital life process, which is essential for an organism to grow, and develop.…

Mitochondrial Mutations

A mitochondrion is a cellular organelle that serves as the site for cellular respiration and energy production (ATP or Adenosine Triphosphate). It is a double-membrane-bound organelle and is only present in eukaryotic cells.