- Spontaneous mutation in genome Vertical gene transfer (a) Mutation Plasmid transfer FIGURE 8.1 Mechanisms of Genetic Vertical gene transfer Change in Bacteria (a) Mutation. (b) Horizontal transfer of plasmid- encoded genes; other DNA can be transferred horizontally as well. ? Which would have a greater effect on an organlsm's genotype-mutatlon or horizontal gene transfer? (b) Horizontal gene transfer

Q: Explain why the enzyme rubisco is thought to be inefficient?

A: Enzymes are biological molecules that catalyze, or speed up, chemical reactions in living organisms.…

Q: Which of the following describes Gene Expression? O Take a Genetic Code and turn it into Proteins O…

A: Ans- Gene Expression is a) Take a Genetic code and turn it into Proteins.   Genes are the structural…

Q: Describe one biological process that uses epoigentic gene regulation?

A: Epigenetic mechanisms are are the key to gene regulation and expression. They hold access to gene…

Q: Describe how DNA mutations can create new alleles at random.

A: DNA or deoxyribonucleic acid can be defined as the molecule which contains the genetic code of…

Q: Is transduction vertical gene transfer?

A: vertical gene transfer: The vertical gene transfer is defined as the  transfer of genetic material…

Q: Explain how an organism uses gene expression to create a phenotype from a genotype.

A: The term 'Genotype' & 'Phenotype' are commonly used in the discipline of Genetics. Genetics is…

Q: 1) Describe the advantages of gene mutation in bacteria. 2) Explain the disadvantages of gene…

A: Mutations:Bacteria have the ability to grow and multiply at a very faster rate and can result in…

Q: Generate a diagram that depicts the different levels at which eukaryotic genes are regulated.

A: The expression of genes is regulated mostly at the promoter of the genes by the transcription…

Q: What are the three general mechanisms for hori-zontal gene transfer?

A: Introduction Gene transfer is referred to the process in which the DNA (Deoxyribose Nucleic Acid)…

Q: Determine whether the complexity of informational or metabolic processes has any effect on the rate…

A: Introduction:A DNA fragment is transferred between the genomes of unicellular and/or multicellular…

Q: selective breeding is done by what?

A: The DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) is the hereditary unit of an organism. The genes consist of the DNA…

Q: advantageous for an organism to have two copies of every gene?

A: Diploid organisms have two copies of every gene, one they inherit from the father and another one…

Q: Explain the term Generation X?

A: Generation X is the demographic cohort following the baby boomers and preceding the millennial. Most…

Q: An individual has a mutation in the gene that codes for hemoglobin. This results in sickle cell…

A: In sickle cell disease, the mutation causes the substitution of the amino acid glutamic acid with…

Q: How might a mutation in the DNA result in the formation of cancer ?

A: The mutation is any change or alteration in the nucleotide sequence of the DNA. The mutation of a…

Q: You have identified a useful gene in bacteria.Make a flow chart of the steps that you would follow…

A: Bacteria is a single-celled organism and penetrates tissues to multiply into numbers. The DNA is…

Q: Are mutations harmful?a. Yes, because the DNA is damaged.b. No, because changes in the DNA result in…

A: Mutations in biology is defined as a change in DNA sequence from normal sequence. Mutations can be…

Q: Gene expression can be viewed at which of the following levels?a. Molecular and cellular levelsb.…

A: Gene expression is a process by which genetic code is converted to functional protein or non-protein…

Q: What might happen, for instance, if in a research study cancer cell genes were transferred into…

A: Gene therapy is a way of treating or preventing disease by altering the genetic instructions within…

Q: Short Answer: What are environmental effects in genes?

A: Gene:  A gene is a unit of genetic information that is passed from parents to offspring and…

Q: Question 1 Turning a gene on refers to A) causing that gene to light up B) activating the gene's…

A: Chromosomes are the genetic components that transmit characteristics or qualities from parents to…

Q: hat is subcloning

A: Biology is a branch of science. Bio means life and ology means study. Biology is basically the study…

Q: How Mutation Creates New Alleles in a Gene Pool ?

A: The biochemical substances that are carried from the preceding to the succeeding generation are the…

Q: How is a fusion protein formed? a. Use CRISPR/Cas9 to remove a portion of the gene of interest,…

A: Fusion proteins:            As the name denotes fusion proteins are proteins formed by combining the…

Q: explain how genetic mutations are used to develop new breeds of animals and new varieties of plants.

A: The topic is related to transgenic technology.

Q: For a mutation that does not have a fitness cost to the individuals who carry it, we call the…

A: A mutation occurs when the sequence of DNA changes. Mutations may occur as a result of DNA copying…

Q: A genome is the set of an organism's genes and other DNA sequences? T\F???

A: The uniqueness of organisms depends on their genetic makeup. The genetic material of an organism…

Q: How do vertical and horizontal gene transfer differ?

A: Gene transfer is the transmission of DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) from one organism to another. It…

Q: What is a recent example of gene environment interaction that causes disease, prevent disease,…

A: The interplay between our genes and the environment altogether impacts our well-being and malady…

Q: Which example represents a transgenic organism? O a bacteria that carries the gene to make human…

A: Answer :- Option (A) is correct. - A bacteria that carries the gene to make human insulin.

Q: Expand the term ESTs?

A: In this question we need to tell what does EST stands for.

Q: Which type of cells do not have DNA? Give 2 example and explain why?

A: Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) is the hereditary unit of life, which carries the genetic information in…

Q: Explain what it means to say that mutations are random.

A: Mutations usually take place when there is some change in DNA (Deoxyribonucleic acid). The change…

Q: Describe what a gene is?draw/use a diagram to show where genes are located.

A: Genetics is a branch of biology that deals with the study of genes, genetic variation, and heredity…

Q: How Organisms counteract mutations ?

A: The sudden heritable changes in the genetic material or character of an organism is known as…

Q: Why is DNA coping essential part of the process of reproduction?

A: Cell reproduction is a vital life process, which is essential for an organism to grow, and develop.…

Mitochondrial Mutations

A mitochondrion is a cellular organelle that serves as the site for cellular respiration and energy production (ATP or Adenosine Triphosphate). It is a double-membrane-bound organelle and is only present in eukaryotic cells.