- Spontaneous mutation in genome Vertical gene transfer (a) Mutation Plasmid transfer FIGURE 8.1 Mechanisms of Genetic Vertical gene transfer Change in Bacteria (a) Mutation. (b) Horizontal transfer of plasmid- encoded genes; other DNA can be transferred horizontally as well. ? Which would have a greater effect on an organlsm's genotype-mutatlon or horizontal gene transfer? (b) Horizontal gene transfer

Q: Explain why the enzyme rubisco is thought to be inefficient?

A: Enzymes are biological molecules that catalyze, or speed up, chemical reactions in living organisms.…

Q: what is a heritable change that alters the expression of a gene without altering the DNA sequence of…

A: Gene expression can be defined as the process by which the information encoded in a gene is used to…

Q: selective breeding is done by what?

A: The DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) is the hereditary unit of an organism. The genes consist of the DNA…

Q: An individual has a mutation in the gene that codes for hemoglobin. This results in sickle cell…

A: In sickle cell disease, the mutation causes the substitution of the amino acid glutamic acid with…

Q: Define transformation in griffin's experiment.

A: Griffith experiment changed the understanding of genetic material and DNA was accepted as the…

Q: Explain Disease-Causing Mutations Are Hidden in a Sea of Variation

A: Introns and exons are nucleotide sequences within a gene. Introns are removed by RNA splicing as RNA…

Q: /Different genes, different mutation rates EXPLAIN?

A: Genes are the functional unit of heredity. The genes code for proteins which are vital for growth…

Q: Short Answer: What are environmental effects in genes?

A: Gene:  A gene is a unit of genetic information that is passed from parents to offspring and…

Q: Define these terms and use an example (regarding genetics): -transitions -transversions -cryptic…

A: Sudden change in the nucleotide sequence in a genome (DNA/RNA) is known as mutation. Mutation can be…

Q: How Mutation Creates New Alleles in a Gene Pool ?

A: The biochemical substances that are carried from the preceding to the succeeding generation are the…

Q: Explain how cells can be transformed by inserting new DNA sequences into their genomes.

A: The genome of an organism represents all the genetic information contained within the cells. This…

Q: For a mutation that does not have a fitness cost to the individuals who carry it, we call the…

A: A mutation occurs when the sequence of DNA changes. Mutations may occur as a result of DNA copying…

Q: What is the most important cause of genetic variation? Viruses, replication errors, or mutagens?

A: The questions asks about the main cause of the genetic variation in humans.The given options are:1.…

Q: How do vertical and horizontal gene transfer differ?

A: Gene transfer is the transmission of DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) from one organism to another. It…

Q: Explain mutation as a force of evolution (how do mutations contribute to biological change?

A: A mutation is a change in DNA, the hereditary substance of life is a mutation.

Q: Which are Two different kinds of events that initiate DNA changes?

A: The genome of an organism consists of DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid). It is not a static molecule as it…

Q: The Chromosome Theory Integrates which Aspects of Gene Behavior?

A: Genotype is the genetic makeup of an organism. Chromosomes are the large molecules of genes or DNA.…

Q: Describe what a gene is?draw/use a diagram to show where genes are located.

A: Genetics is a branch of biology that deals with the study of genes, genetic variation, and heredity…

Q: Why is DNA coping essential part of the process of reproduction?

A: Cell reproduction is a vital life process, which is essential for an organism to grow, and develop.…

Mitochondrial Mutations

A mitochondrion is a cellular organelle that serves as the site for cellular respiration and energy production (ATP or Adenosine Triphosphate). It is a double-membrane-bound organelle and is only present in eukaryotic cells.