Some business and governmental units impose financial penalties on employees who refuse to vaccinate. Others lay off such employees until they are vaccinated, and some fire the unvaccinated. Countries such as Canada will not admit those who are unvaccinated. Set aside issues such as whether you think it is either legal or fair to require vaccinations. Just focus on economics for this example. (a) Is there an economic justification for such actions? (b) Why or why not? (c) What does this have to do with economic externalities?

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