Solve the given problems below.. Use load combination of 1.2DL + 1.6LL 1. A column 450mm square with fc' = 27.65 MPa reinforced with 8-25mmø or Fy= 348 Mpa supports a dead load of 1000 kN and a live load of 780 kN. The allowable bearing pressure is 240 KPa. The base of footing is 1.5m below the grade. Assume the weight of soil and concrete to have an average unit weight of 19.7kn/m3. The total depth of footing is 550mm with an effective depth of 475mm. Determine the following: 1) dimension of footing. 2) Value of two-way or punching shear force (Vu) 3) Value of one-way beam factored shear force (Vu) 4) Required moment for strength design (Mu) 5) No. of 25mmø bars in each direction.

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Sizing Joists and Rafters

In civil engineering and building construction, joists and rafters are the major components including beams and columns. Almost every structural construction including buildings, skyscrapers, bridges, commercial complexes, and so on makes use of joists and rafters to provide structural integrity to the building. Joists are primarily thick long pieces of metals, concrete, or wood that are used to support the floor and ceiling. On the other hand, rafters form the major component of pitched roofs, which are a series of sloped long pieces extending from a ridged area that makes contact with the plane area of the wall. They account for the load-bearing of the building along with the beams.