Solve for the axial displacement and stress in the tapered bar shown in Figure P3-12 using one and then two constant-area elements. Evaluate the area at the center of each element length. Use that area for each element. Let Ao = 2 in2 , L= 20 in., E = 10 106 psi, and P = 1000 lb. Compare your finite element solutions with the exact solution. A(x) = Ao(1 + £) P- Figure P3-12

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Unit Conversion

Standard units are also called SI units. SI units are used for measuring a physical quantity satisfying certain conditions. There are two types of units: fundamental units and derived units. Fundamental units are physical quantities that are independent, that is, they do not depend on other quantities like mass, length, or time. There are plenty of quantities in our lives which need to be measured and compared. Measuring is the comparison of a particular physical quantity with its reference value. A unit is a measure of a fixed physical quantity. A physical quantity is the product of a unit and the numerical value we need to compare with.