Solar power towers (also called 'central tower' power plants or 'heliostat' power plants), allow solar irradiation to be concentrated into a single receiver by a series of reflectors (mirrors) to maximize the amount of heat flux being used to make clean, renewable energy. Here's the Ivanpah Solar Power Facility pictured below (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ivanpah Solar Power Facility). It is located in the Mojave desert by the border of California and Nevada, where irradiation from sunlight is high due to lack of cloud cover and interference from moisture in the air. In this problem, we'll study a simplified solar power plant model to understand how the properties of thermal radiation affect its ability to take in and use energy from the sun. Let's assume that the solar reflectors provide G, = 80,000 W/m² of solar heat flux to the receiver (white glowing cylinder at the top of the tower). (Keep in mind that solar irradiation onto the Earth's surface is typically around 1400W/m². The reflectors are what can increase this typical heat flux by "bouncing "/reflecting and concentrating this solar flux into the receiver. This is what makes this a much higher concentration of solar power than something like a solar panel would see from the sun alone. The downside is that the high magnitude of solar radiation power all being localized in this tower can be deadly for both people and wildlife if they get in the way of the concentrators - another reason to put these deep in the middle of the desert. This assignment will help us see just how much power that is!) For now, assume that the receiver at the top of the tower has a steady-state temperature of T, = 800 K. Not only is the receiver exposed to solar irradiation from the reflectors, but it also is exposed to surrounding air. Assume that the air is at an average temperature of T = 300 K with a convective heat transfer coefficient of 7 W/m² K due to natural convection (no wind). The outer surface of the receiver can be treated as diffuse and opaque. The spectral absorptivity of the coating at the surface of the receiver is given in the figure below:
Solar power towers (also called 'central tower' power plants or 'heliostat' power plants), allow solar irradiation to be concentrated into a single receiver by a series of reflectors (mirrors) to maximize the amount of heat flux being used to make clean, renewable energy. Here's the Ivanpah Solar Power Facility pictured below (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ivanpah Solar Power Facility). It is located in the Mojave desert by the border of California and Nevada, where irradiation from sunlight is high due to lack of cloud cover and interference from moisture in the air. In this problem, we'll study a simplified solar power plant model to understand how the properties of thermal radiation affect its ability to take in and use energy from the sun. Let's assume that the solar reflectors provide G, = 80,000 W/m² of solar heat flux to the receiver (white glowing cylinder at the top of the tower). (Keep in mind that solar irradiation onto the Earth's surface is typically around 1400W/m². The reflectors are what can increase this typical heat flux by "bouncing "/reflecting and concentrating this solar flux into the receiver. This is what makes this a much higher concentration of solar power than something like a solar panel would see from the sun alone. The downside is that the high magnitude of solar radiation power all being localized in this tower can be deadly for both people and wildlife if they get in the way of the concentrators - another reason to put these deep in the middle of the desert. This assignment will help us see just how much power that is!) For now, assume that the receiver at the top of the tower has a steady-state temperature of T, = 800 K. Not only is the receiver exposed to solar irradiation from the reflectors, but it also is exposed to surrounding air. Assume that the air is at an average temperature of T = 300 K with a convective heat transfer coefficient of 7 W/m² K due to natural convection (no wind). The outer surface of the receiver can be treated as diffuse and opaque. The spectral absorptivity of the coating at the surface of the receiver is given in the figure below:
Elements Of Electromagnetics
7th Edition
ISBN:9780190698614
Author:Sadiku, Matthew N. O.
Publisher:Sadiku, Matthew N. O.
ChapterMA: Math Assessment
Section: Chapter Questions
Problem 1.1MA
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a)
b) Assume that the solar receiver has cooled to 600 K at some point during the night. What is the value of its overall emissivity when it is at this new temperature? (Assume the original coating is still on the receiver)
c) At this instance in time during the night (when Gs =0 and the solar receiver has cooled to 600 K), what is the rate of change of the temperature of the receiver with respect to time (dTr/dt ) in K/s if the amount of electricity being produced by the receiver does not change.
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