States of Matter
The substance that constitutes everything in the universe is known as matter. Matter comprises atoms which in turn are composed of electrons, protons, and neutrons. Different atoms combine together to give rise to molecules that act as a foundation for all kinds of substances. There are five states of matter based on their energies of attraction, namely solid, liquid, gases, plasma, and BEC (Bose-Einstein condensates).
Chemical Reactions and Equations
When a chemical species is transformed into another chemical species it is said to have undergone a chemical reaction. It consists of breaking existing bonds and forming new bonds by changing the position of electrons. These reactions are best explained using a chemical equation.
- Sodium carbonate and hydrochloric acid
Complete Molecular Equation:
Complete Ionic Equation:
Net Ionic Equation
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Introduction
A net ionic reaction is a chemical equation that shows only the species that are directly involved in a chemical reaction, excluding the spectator ions that do not participate in the reaction. Spectator ions are present in the reaction mixture but do not take part in the reaction itself, so they can be removed from the equation.
Net ionic reactions are useful in simplifying chemical equations and focusing on the essential chemical species that are reacting. By removing the spectator ions, the net ionic equation provides a clearer picture of the actual chemical reaction that is taking place.
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