Snow removal is a concern in parts of the United States that receive large amounts of snowfall every year. A company that manufactures snow blowers has developed a new auger that is supposed to remove snow faster than the previous design. After a fresh snow, the company asks 20 volunteers to participate in an experiment to determine if the new auger speeds up snow removal. 10 volunteers are randomly assigned to snow blowers equipped with the new auger and the rest are assigned to identical snow blowers equipped with the previous auger design. The volunteers are asked to clear a section of snow-covered parking lot that is 100 meters long. The time (in minutes) that it takes each volunteer to clear the 100 meters appears in the table below. Previous Design 4.2 4.1 5.2 4.6 4.9 4.3 4.6 4.4 4.6| 4.7 New Design 4.2 4.2 4.8 4.6 4.3 4.2 4.8 4.6 4.7 4.1 a. State appropriate hypotheses for performing a significance test. b. Define the parameters of interest. c. Calculate the standardized test statistic. d. Find the P-value. e. Does this provide convincing evidence at the a = 0.05 significance level that the new auger will speed up snow removal? Justify your answer.
Addition Rule of Probability
It simply refers to the likelihood of an event taking place whenever the occurrence of an event is uncertain. The probability of a single event can be calculated by dividing the number of successful trials of that event by the total number of trials.
Expected Value
When a large number of trials are performed for any random variable ‘X’, the predicted result is most likely the mean of all the outcomes for the random variable and it is known as expected value also known as expectation. The expected value, also known as the expectation, is denoted by: E(X).
Probability Distributions
Understanding probability is necessary to know the probability distributions. In statistics, probability is how the uncertainty of an event is measured. This event can be anything. The most common examples include tossing a coin, rolling a die, or choosing a card. Each of these events has multiple possibilities. Every such possibility is measured with the help of probability. To be more precise, the probability is used for calculating the occurrence of events that may or may not happen. Probability does not give sure results. Unless the probability of any event is 1, the different outcomes may or may not happen in real life, regardless of how less or how more their probability is.
Basic Probability
The simple definition of probability it is a chance of the occurrence of an event. It is defined in numerical form and the probability value is between 0 to 1. The probability value 0 indicates that there is no chance of that event occurring and the probability value 1 indicates that the event will occur. Sum of the probability value must be 1. The probability value is never a negative number. If it happens, then recheck the calculation.
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