SITUATION. The unsupported height of a spiral column bent in single curvature and braced against sidesway is 2.8 m. It has a diameter of 600 mm. Column ends are pinned. Given: Axial Loads at Service Condition Pdl = 3000 kN PII = 1800 kN Peq = 420 kN Concrete, fc' = 34 MPa Steel, fy = 415 MPa Strength Reduction Factor for Spiral Columns in Compression = 0.75 U= 1.2D + 1.0L + 1.4E Which of the following gives the slenderness ratio of the column? 4.7 9.3 18.7 15.6

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Drainage of Pavements

Pavement Drainage holds ample significance, as it prevents the accumulation of water or any liquid on the surface of pavements and ensures proper drainage system. With proper design and gradual slopes provided, the water gets easily removed from the surface into the drains, which are essential during heavy rains and unusual weather conditions keeping it less prone to accidents and increasing the durability of the pavement structure.