SITUATION: Reinforced concrete beams having width of 300 mm and overall depth of 600 mm are spaced 2.50 m on centers and support a slab of thickness 100 mm. The slab carries a superimposed dead load of 3 kPa (including floor finish, ceiling, fixtures, etc.) and live load of 4.80 kPa. The columns E and H are omitted such that the girder BEHK supports the beams DEF at E and GHI at H. Assume specific gravity of concrete is 2.40. Determine the factored load induced by beam DEF at E in girder BEHK Determine the factored load induced by beam GHI at H in girder BEHK Determine the maximum positive moment in girder BEHK assuming full fixity at B and K AL 2.50 m E 2.50 m G H %23 %23 2.50 m K! L 6.00 m 6.00 m

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Braced cuts

The braced cut is a method of providing lateral support to the soil in foundation trenches, to prevent the trenches from deformation by the caving in of soil and resisting it from moving laterally. During shallow excavation in firm soil, generally, slopes are provided to resist the caving in of soil. During shallow excavation in soft soil and deep excavation, the chances of caving in of soil increase. Hence, it becomes necessary to make a provision to resist the deformation of trenches due to caving in of soil. The braced cut is the method used for such conditions. The excavation using braced cuts is a bit uneconomical as compared to the traditional open-cut excavation method but provides better safety than the cut excavation method.