Since an instant replay system for tennis was introduced at a major tournament, men challenged 1386 referee calls, with the result that 414 of the calls were overturned. Women challenged 775 referee calls, and 227 of the calls were overturned. Use a 0.05 significance level to test the claim that men and women have equal success in challenging calls. Complete parts (a) through (c) below. What is the conclusion based on the hypothesis test? the significance level of a = 0.05, so The P-value is men have equal success in challenging calls. b. Test the claim by constructing an appropriate confidence interval. The 95% confidence interval is < (P₁-P₂)< (Round to three decimal places as needed.) What is the conclusion based on the confidence interval? ** the null hypothesis. There evidence to warrant rejection of the claim that women and evidence to Because the confidence interval limits 0, there appear to be a significant difference between the two proportions. There warrant rejection of the claim that men and women have equal success in challenging calls c. Based on the results, does it appear that men and women may have equal success in challenging calls? OA The confidence interval suggests that there is a significant difference between the success of men and women in challenging calls. It is reasonable to speculate that women

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**Statistical Analysis Using Hypothesis Testing and Confidence Intervals**

*Context:*
Since an instant replay system for tennis was introduced at a major tournament, men challenged 1386 referee calls, with 414 successful overturns. Women challenged 775 calls, with 227 overturned. A 0.05 significance level is used to test the hypothesis that men and women have equal success in challenging calls.

*Task A: Conclusion Based on Hypothesis Test*

1. **P-value and Hypothesis Testing:**
   - The P-value is compared to the significance level of α = 0.05.
   - If the P-value is less than 0.05, the null hypothesis is rejected, indicating evidence to suggest a difference in success rates.
   - If the P-value is greater than 0.05, there is insufficient evidence to reject the null hypothesis, suggesting men and women have equal success in challenging calls.

*Task B: Constructing and Interpreting Confidence Intervals*

1. **Confidence Interval Calculation:**
   - The 95% confidence interval is calculated for the difference in proportions \( (p_1 - p_2) \).
   - Values should be rounded to three decimal places as needed.

2. **Interpreting the Confidence Interval:**
   - If the confidence interval includes 0, there is no significant difference between the success rates of men and women.
   - If the confidence interval does not include 0, it indicates a significant difference, suggesting possible differences in challenging success.

3. **Conclusions:**
   - When interpreting results, if the confidence interval suggests a difference, it may indicate that one gender is more successful than the other in challenging calls.

**Educational Note:**
Understanding the connection between P-values, hypothesis testing, and confidence intervals is crucial for statistical analysis. This process helps identify whether there is sufficient evidence to support claims about differences in sampled populations.
Transcribed Image Text:**Statistical Analysis Using Hypothesis Testing and Confidence Intervals** *Context:* Since an instant replay system for tennis was introduced at a major tournament, men challenged 1386 referee calls, with 414 successful overturns. Women challenged 775 calls, with 227 overturned. A 0.05 significance level is used to test the hypothesis that men and women have equal success in challenging calls. *Task A: Conclusion Based on Hypothesis Test* 1. **P-value and Hypothesis Testing:** - The P-value is compared to the significance level of α = 0.05. - If the P-value is less than 0.05, the null hypothesis is rejected, indicating evidence to suggest a difference in success rates. - If the P-value is greater than 0.05, there is insufficient evidence to reject the null hypothesis, suggesting men and women have equal success in challenging calls. *Task B: Constructing and Interpreting Confidence Intervals* 1. **Confidence Interval Calculation:** - The 95% confidence interval is calculated for the difference in proportions \( (p_1 - p_2) \). - Values should be rounded to three decimal places as needed. 2. **Interpreting the Confidence Interval:** - If the confidence interval includes 0, there is no significant difference between the success rates of men and women. - If the confidence interval does not include 0, it indicates a significant difference, suggesting possible differences in challenging success. 3. **Conclusions:** - When interpreting results, if the confidence interval suggests a difference, it may indicate that one gender is more successful than the other in challenging calls. **Educational Note:** Understanding the connection between P-values, hypothesis testing, and confidence intervals is crucial for statistical analysis. This process helps identify whether there is sufficient evidence to support claims about differences in sampled populations.
Since an instant replay system for tennis was introduced at a major tournament, men challenged 1386 referee calls, with the result that 414 of the calls were overturned. Women challenged 775 referee calls, and 227 of the calls were overturned. Use a 0.05 significance level to test the claim that men and women have equal success in challenging calls. Complete parts (a) through (c) below:

---

Consider the first sample to be the sample of male tennis players who challenged referee calls and the second sample to be the sample of female tennis players who challenged referee calls. What are the null and alternative hypotheses for the hypothesis test?

- A. \(H_0: p_1 \neq p_2\)
  \(H_1: p_1 = p_2\)

- B. \(H_0: p_1 = p_2\)
  \(H_1: p_1 \neq p_2\)

- C. \(H_0: p_1 \leq p_2\)
  \(H_1: p_1 > p_2\)

- D. \(H_0: p_1 \geq p_2\)
  \(H_1: p_1 < p_2\)

- E. \(H_0: p_1 \geq p_2\)
  \(H_1: p_1 \neq p_2\)

- F. \(H_0: p_1 < p_2\)
  \(H_1: p_1 = p_2\)

---

Identify the test statistic.

(Round to two decimal places as needed.)

Identify the P-value.

---

This text is intended for educational use and provides a scenario for hypothesis testing regarding the success rates of male and female tennis players in challenging referee calls.
Transcribed Image Text:Since an instant replay system for tennis was introduced at a major tournament, men challenged 1386 referee calls, with the result that 414 of the calls were overturned. Women challenged 775 referee calls, and 227 of the calls were overturned. Use a 0.05 significance level to test the claim that men and women have equal success in challenging calls. Complete parts (a) through (c) below: --- Consider the first sample to be the sample of male tennis players who challenged referee calls and the second sample to be the sample of female tennis players who challenged referee calls. What are the null and alternative hypotheses for the hypothesis test? - A. \(H_0: p_1 \neq p_2\) \(H_1: p_1 = p_2\) - B. \(H_0: p_1 = p_2\) \(H_1: p_1 \neq p_2\) - C. \(H_0: p_1 \leq p_2\) \(H_1: p_1 > p_2\) - D. \(H_0: p_1 \geq p_2\) \(H_1: p_1 < p_2\) - E. \(H_0: p_1 \geq p_2\) \(H_1: p_1 \neq p_2\) - F. \(H_0: p_1 < p_2\) \(H_1: p_1 = p_2\) --- Identify the test statistic. (Round to two decimal places as needed.) Identify the P-value. --- This text is intended for educational use and provides a scenario for hypothesis testing regarding the success rates of male and female tennis players in challenging referee calls.
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