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Show the reaction between 1-bromopentane and sodium ethoxide using curved arrows.

Show the reaction between 1-bromopentane and sodium ethoxide using curved arrows.

Chemistry
Chemistry
10th Edition
ISBN:9781305957404
Author:Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCoste
Publisher:Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCoste
Chapter1: Chemical Foundations
Section: Chapter Questions
Problem 1RQ: Define and explain the differences between the following terms. a. law and theory b. theory and...
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**Topic: Nucleophilic Substitution Reaction** **Objective: Understand the Reaction between 1-Bromopentane and Sodium Ethoxide** **Reaction Description:** This reaction involves 1-bromopentane (an alkyl halide) and sodium ethoxide (a strong base and nucleophile). The reaction is an example of a nucleophilic substitution, specifically an S<sub>N</sub>2 reaction, where the nucleophile attacks the electrophilic carbon, displacing the leaving group. **Diagram Explanation:** 1. **Reactants:** - **1-Bromopentane:** A molecule with a bromine atom attached to the terminal carbon of a pentane chain. The carbon attached to the bromine is electrophilic. - **Sodium Ethoxide:** Composed of an ethoxide ion (CH<sub>3</sub>CH<sub>2</sub>O<sup>-</sup>) and a sodium ion (Na<sup>+</sup>), where the ethoxide ion acts as the nucleophile. 2. **Curved Arrows:** - A curved arrow starts from the lone pair on the oxygen of the ethoxide ion, indicating a nucleophilic attack on the electrophilic carbon atom of 1-bromopentane. - A second curved arrow originates from the C-Br bond to the bromine atom, showing the departure of the bromine as a leaving group. 3. **Products:** - **Pentane with an Ethoxy Group:** The bromine atom is replaced by the ethoxy group, forming pentane with an ethoxy substituent (an ether). - **Bromide Ion (Br<sup>-</sup>):** The bromide ion is the leaving group. **Conclusion:** This S<sub>N</sub>2 reaction results in the substitution of bromine with an ethoxy group, demonstrating a one-step mechanism with the concerted movement of electrons. Understanding this mechanism aids in learning about reaction kinetics, stereochemistry, and the influence of nucleophiles and leaving groups in organic synthesis. **Feel free to explore more examples of nucleophilic substitution to expand your knowledge!**
Transcribed Image Text:**Topic: Nucleophilic Substitution Reaction** **Objective: Understand the Reaction between 1-Bromopentane and Sodium Ethoxide** **Reaction Description:** This reaction involves 1-bromopentane (an alkyl halide) and sodium ethoxide (a strong base and nucleophile). The reaction is an example of a nucleophilic substitution, specifically an S<sub>N</sub>2 reaction, where the nucleophile attacks the electrophilic carbon, displacing the leaving group. **Diagram Explanation:** 1. **Reactants:** - **1-Bromopentane:** A molecule with a bromine atom attached to the terminal carbon of a pentane chain. The carbon attached to the bromine is electrophilic. - **Sodium Ethoxide:** Composed of an ethoxide ion (CH<sub>3</sub>CH<sub>2</sub>O<sup>-</sup>) and a sodium ion (Na<sup>+</sup>), where the ethoxide ion acts as the nucleophile. 2. **Curved Arrows:** - A curved arrow starts from the lone pair on the oxygen of the ethoxide ion, indicating a nucleophilic attack on the electrophilic carbon atom of 1-bromopentane. - A second curved arrow originates from the C-Br bond to the bromine atom, showing the departure of the bromine as a leaving group. 3. **Products:** - **Pentane with an Ethoxy Group:** The bromine atom is replaced by the ethoxy group, forming pentane with an ethoxy substituent (an ether). - **Bromide Ion (Br<sup>-</sup>):** The bromide ion is the leaving group. **Conclusion:** This S<sub>N</sub>2 reaction results in the substitution of bromine with an ethoxy group, demonstrating a one-step mechanism with the concerted movement of electrons. Understanding this mechanism aids in learning about reaction kinetics, stereochemistry, and the influence of nucleophiles and leaving groups in organic synthesis. **Feel free to explore more examples of nucleophilic substitution to expand your knowledge!**
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