(SHOW CALCULATIONS) Calculate the enthalpy of the following reaction using the bond energies given. O-H H3C-C-CH3 (8) + H₂ (g) H3C-C-CH3 (8) H Bond: C-O C=O H-H C-H O-H C-C
Types of Chemical Bonds
The attractive force which has the ability of holding various constituent elements like atoms, ions, molecules, etc. together in different chemical species is termed as a chemical bond. Chemical compounds are dependent on the strength of chemical bonds between its constituents. Stronger the chemical bond, more will be the stability in the chemical compounds. Hence, it can be said that bonding defines the stability of chemical compounds.
Polarizability In Organic Chemistry
Polarizability refers to the ability of an atom/molecule to distort the electron cloud of neighboring species towards itself and the process of distortion of electron cloud is known as polarization.
Coordinate Covalent Bonds
A coordinate covalent bond is also known as a dative bond, which is a type of covalent bond. It is formed between two atoms, where the two electrons required to form the bond come from the same atom resulting in a semi-polar bond. The study of coordinate covalent bond or dative bond is important to know about the special type of bonding that leads to different properties. Since covalent compounds are non-polar whereas coordinate bonds results always in polar compounds due to charge separation.
![### Calculation of Enthalpy using Bond Energy (Educational Module)
#### Problem Statement:
(SHOW CALCULATIONS) Calculate the enthalpy of the following reaction using the bond energies given.
#### Reaction:
\[ \text{H}_3\text{C}-\text{C}=\text{O} + \text{H}_2 (g) \rightarrow \text{H}_3\text{C}-\text{C}-\text{H} + \text{O}-\text{H} (g) \]
#### Diagram of the Reaction:
On the left side, the chemical reaction has acetone (\(\text{C}_3\text{H}_6\text{O}\)) and hydrogen gas (\(\text{H}_2\)) as reactants. On the right side, the product is isopropyl alcohol (\(\text{C}_3\text{H}_8\text{O}\)).
#### Bond Energies:
| Bond | Value (kJ/mol) |
|------------|----------------|
| C=O | 745 |
| H-H | 436 |
| C-H | 414 |
| O-H | 464 |
| C-C | 347 |
| C-O | 351 |
### Detailed Explanation:
1. **Identify Bonds Broken in Reactants:**
- **C=O** bond in acetone
- **H-H** bond in hydrogen gas
2. **Identify Bonds Formed in Products:**
- **C-O** bond in isopropyl alcohol
- **C-H** bond in isopropyl alcohol
- **O-H** bond in isopropyl alcohol
3. **Calculate Total Energy for Breaking Bonds:**
- Energy to break C=O bond: \( 745 \, \text{kJ/mol} \)
- Energy to break H-H bond: \( 436 \, \text{kJ/mol} \)
- **Total Energy to Break Bonds:**
\[
745 \, \text{kJ/mol} + 436 \, \text{kJ/mol} = 1181 \, \text{kJ/mol}
\]
4. **Calculate Total Energy for Forming Bonds:**
- Energy to form C-O bond](/v2/_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fcontent.bartleby.com%2Fqna-images%2Fquestion%2F7c9ff2bc-0e8d-4271-af1d-8309915b61ed%2F57d64d5e-6275-43c9-adfb-8c101f9dae58%2Fawrb6qv_processed.jpeg&w=3840&q=75)
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