Chemistry
10th Edition
ISBN:9781305957404
Author:Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCoste
Publisher:Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCoste
Chapter1: Chemical Foundations
Section: Chapter Questions
Problem 1RQ: Define and explain the differences between the following terms. a. law and theory b. theory and...
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Transcribed Image Text:### Organic Reaction Pathways
Below is a flow diagram illustrating various organic reaction pathways. Each transformation involves specific reagents and conditions applied to a starting alkene to afford different products. This guide will help you understand how to predict the structure of the final products based on the given conditions.
#### Reaction 1:
#### Starting Compound:
A molecule represented by a skeletal structure of a three-carbon chain with a double bond (alkene) attached to an isopropyl group.
| Pathway 1: |
|------------|
**Reagent:** HBr
- Draw the product of the reaction where HBr adds to the alkene. This typically follows Markovnikov's rule, where the bromine atom attaches to the more substituted carbon atom.
**Reagent:** Cl₂, H₂O
- Draw the product of the reaction where chlorine in the presence of water adds to the alkene. This follows anti-Markovnikov addition, where the chlorine atom and hydroxyl group add to the double bond in an anti-addition manner.
#### Reaction 2:
#### Starting Compound:
A molecule represented by the same skeletal structure (a three-carbon chain with a double bond attached to an isopropyl group).
| Pathway 2: |
|------------|
**Reagents:**
1. BH₃-THF
2. H₂O₂, NaOH
- Draw the product of the hydroboration-oxidation reaction. This will result in an anti-Markovnikov addition of a hydroxyl group to the less substituted carbon atom of the double bond.
**Reagents:**
1. O₃
2. (CH₃)₂S
- Draw the product of the ozonolysis reaction. Ozonolysis cleaves the double bond completely, producing two carbonyl-containing fragments.
### Diagrams:
Each box labeled "Select to Draw" is where the respective products of the reactions should be drawn. Follow the arrows to trace each reaction pathway:
1. **Top Section:**
- Select to draw the products for reactions with HBr or Cl₂/H₂O starting from the alkene.
2. **Bottom Section:**
- Select to draw the products for reactions with BH₃-THF followed by H₂O₂/NaOH, or for reactions with O₃ followed by (CH₃)₂S starting from the same alk

Transcribed Image Text:### Predict the Major Product of Alkene Reactions
A common alkene starting material is shown below. Predict the major product for each reaction. Ignore any inorganic byproducts.
#### Diagram Explanation
The main structure in the middle begins with an alkene (a molecule with a carbon-carbon double bond). This alkene starting material branches out to different reactions.
1. **First Reaction Pathway:**
- Reagent: **HBr**
- **Select to Draw**: (Product of the reaction with HBr)
2. **Second Reaction Pathway:**
- Reagents: **Cl₂, H₂O**
- **Select to Draw**: (Product of the reaction with Cl₂ and H₂O)
3. **Third Reaction Pathway:**
- Reagents:
1. **BH₃-THF**
2. **H₂O₂, NaOH**
- **Select to Draw**: (Product of the Hydroboration-Oxidation reaction)
4. **Fourth Reaction Pathway:**
- Reagents:
1. **O₃**
2. **(CH₃)₂S**
- **Select to Draw**: (Product of the Ozonolysis reaction)
#### Main Alkene Structure:
CH3
|
CH3-CH=CH-CH3
To complete the task, you should predict the major organic product for each of the four reactions mentioned.
---
This educational page aims to provide a visual representation for predicting organic reaction products based on common alkene starting materials. Each reaction involves a different set of reagents, leading to specific transformations. By understanding these pathways, students can better grasp reaction mechanisms and product outcomes.
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