Select the letter of the choice that best completes the statement. In the chain of infection, colonization and reproduction take place while the agent is in thea. portal of entry link.b. reservoir link.c. portal of exit link.d. transmission link.

Q: Which part of the urinary tract has the most diverse normal microbiota? a. lower urethra. c. bladder…

A: Microbiota is referred to as the communities of pathogenic and symbiotic microorganisms present in…

Q: The number of microbes needed to cause illness in the host A. the disease threshold B. Minimum…

A: Disease threshold refers to the condition of the disease after which there is requirement for proper…

Q: Select the incorrect characteristic of Candida albicans:    A.  Commonly causes nappy rash and…

A: Candida albicans is one of the most common species of fungus that causes diseases in humans. It is…

Q: O A contaminated catheter might be an example of an iatrogenic infection. O The size of an inoculum…

A: Iatrogenic infection, These are also known as Doctor induced infection. It is caused when a…

Q: Exotoxin is weakly antigenic, so it is impossible to produce vaccine ( toxoid) from it Select one:…

A: There are some proteins secreted by the bacteria that are able to achieve several important tasks.…

Q: Mycoplasmas attack the __________ of host cells.a. nucleus b. cell walls c. ribosomes d. cell…

A: Mycoplasmas bacteria lack cell wall and plasma membrane forms the outer boundary of the bacterial…

Q: Briefly discuss how these following arthropods do its role as a vector to a living organism and the…

A: Mosquito It is the arthropod which act as a vector of a disease. Thy transmit and maintain the…

Q: There are often no clinical symptoms associat Select one: a. True

A: There are four major groups of parasitic worms: monogeneans, cestodes (tapeworms), nematodes…

Q: One of the following is not considered as a determinant of bacterial pathogenesis? a. Transmission

A: Pathogenicity refers to a pathogen's ability to cause disease. Microbes express pathogenicity…

Q: Which of the following most directly causes the symptoms experienced by a person who is infected…

A: The virus enters your body and infects healthy cells. The invader spreads throughout your body by…

Q: Stress can cause a latent virus to enter the lytic cycle, resulting in symptoms for the host. A.…

A: Virus is non - cellular particle which is smaller than the bacteria.  They  act as alive when enter…

Q: Choose the combination of answers that most accurately completes the statement. An example/examples…

A: Basic information IMMUNE SYSTEM  It defends our body from the foreign particles which can cause…

Q: Select the letter of the choice that best completes the statement. A person is most infectious to…

A: Infectious diseases are diseases caused by the direct effect of pathogenic microorganisms, such as…

Q: Infection with which organism could produce symptoms similar to those seen in primary amebic…

A: primary amoebic meningoencephalitis;  is an almost invariably fatal infection of the brain by the…

Q: The most abundant component ofplasma is .a. wasteb. oxygenc. proteinsd. water

A: Blood is a fluid connective tissue, which contains fluid called “plasma,” in which the cells of…

Q: which organism most easily causes an infection? a. shigella - ID50-10 b. legionella pnemiphila -…

A: Shigella: These are a type of bacteria (gram negative, facultative bacteria), which cause…

Q: Which factors would promote progression of an infection? Select all that apply. a. low microbial…

A: Answer- Infection is the invasion and division of microorgnisms in the body which lead to medical…

Q: N. meningitidis counters the body’s defenses with a. IgA protease. b. a capsule. c. endospore…

A: Neisseria meningitidis is a Gram-negative and non-endospore-forming bacterial strain. It is a…

Q: Give typing answer with explanation and conclusion Choose the 1 incorrect answer: A. The…

A: Malaria is a life-threatening disease caused by the Plasmodium parasite, which is transmitted to…

Q: Select the letter of the choice that best completes the statement. Using clean linens and equipment…

A: The entry of any pathogen or microbe into the body and start affecting the normal metabolism of the…

Q: Why antibacterial drugs are ineffective against: A. Fungal Infections B. Viral infections C.…

A: A. Antibacterial drugs are only effective against bacteria, which are single-celled microorganisms.…

Q: 18) What is the second link in the chain of transmission? O infectious agent O portal of entry O…

A: The entry and multiplication of microorganisms that are not present inside the body are referred to…

Q: Which infectious agent is an obligate parasite? a. Mycobacterium tuberculosis b. Corynebacterium…

A: A holoparasite or a obligate parasite alludes to a parasitic creature, which neglects to finish its…

Q: prophage is a stage in the development of a/ana. bacterial virus. b. poxvirus.c. lytic virusd.…

A: To answer this question we must have knowledge about microbiology.

Q: Which of the following is not a barrier to pathogen entry?a. oil gland secretions of the skinb.…

A: Pathogens are foreign substances that enter our bodies. They are responsible for causing diseases.…

Q: The Genus Klebsiella sp is the causative agent of Pneumonia and Meningitis Select one: a. False O b.…

A: Klebsiella is a gram negative bacteria . It occurs in the normal flora of mouth , skin and…

Q: Entry and development or multiplication of an infectious  agent in the body of man or animals is…

A: An infectious agent is the one which when enters into the human body causes an infectious disease.…

Q: Symptoms of viral infections are caused by: (choose all that apply) A. Actions of the virus that…

A: Viruses are unicellular organisms with genetic material, such as DNA or RNA, encased in a protein…

Q: Penicillin obtained from a fungus is : A. Antibiotic B. Antiseptic C. Antibody D. Antiserum

A: Penicilin obtained from  Penicillium notatum  . It is a type of antibiotic . It kills bacteria…

Q: The virus transmits best in  A.enclosed spaces and sunny weather  b.encolsed spaces and cold/dry…

A: Viruses are infectious particles having a genetic material and are surrounded by a protein capsid.…

Q: Assume you found that all of the patients above were infected with the same organism. What steps…

A: Bacteria are prokaryotic unicellular organism. Bacteria do not have rue nucleus and membrane bound…

Q: Resident microbiota is commonly found in thea. liver b. kidney c. salivary glands d. urethra

A: Resident microbiota  They are those micro organisms that are found normally inside or on the surface…

Q: When viruses flourish and grow in the bloodstream, this is referred to as a. viremia. c. septicemia.…

A: There are large number of pathogens which infect our tissue and they migrate between the various…

Q: Choose the combination of answers that most accurately completes the statement. The is the time that…

A: The time period between the encounter with a pathogen and the appearance of the first symptoms is…

Q: If human infected with Rickettsia or hydatid cyst is consider as ................ O Definitive host…

A: The Rickettsial is caused by Rickettsia bacteria. Humans get this disease from infected mammals.…

Q: 29. What term best describes a fly that picks up Salmonella from dog feces and transfers it to a…

A: In biology, vector refers to certain molecules or living organisms that transfer viruses, bacteria,…

Q: Compare and contrast the virulence factors associated with Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus…

A: Streptococcal infections more dangerous than staphylococcal infections as the former can cause acute…

Q: The mosquito is a

A: Aedes aegypti are the mosquitoes which which carries the dengue fever. Dengue has the symptoms like…