Select the incorrect statement regarding the temperature of the immune system. A. Interleukin-1 is a pyrogen, which can cause the neurons in the hypothalamus to raise the body's temperature, producing a fever. B. Fevers cause the liver and spleen to store sodium and potassium which bacteria need for their growth and metabolism. C. Fevers above 105∘∘F can be fatal. D. Fever contributes to the body's defense by stimulating phagocytosis E. When macrophages encounter invading cells, they release interleukin-1, which is carried to the brain by the circulatory system.

Q: Which of the following is NOT a function of the immune system?

A: A complex network of cells, organs and proteins that can defend the body against infection and which…

Q: Select the correct statement about active and passive immunity.

A: Immunity is the power of the organism that protects against disease-causing microorganisms or…

Q: Jay, a young dad, takes his baby to the pediatrician several times in the first year of the child’s…

A: To explain: Why the visits of the baby to the pediatrician to stimulate to make memory cells against…

Q: Humoral immunity is the part of the adaptive immune system involving: A.cytotoxic T cells killing…

A: The adaptive immune system is also known as acquired or specific immune system. It is a subset of…

Q: Immunopathology is the study of disease states or immune dysfunctions, which are divided into two…

A: Immunopathology is a discipline of medicine that studies disease-related immunological responses. It…

Q: What is a cytokine? A ) a. a chemical mediator (stimulus) of inflammation that is released by cells…

A: Cytokines low molecular weight regulatory proteins secreted by various cells in the body in response…

Q: John frequently encountered bacterial infections. Tests for immune cells showed the presence of…

A: Complement cascade is the part of innate immunity that consists of lot of proteins acting in a…

Q: In HIV, helper T cells are affected. Describe how this impacts both the humoral and cell- mediated…

A: HIV (human immunodeficiency virus) is a virus that attacks the immune system of the body. It creates…

Q: Which of the following is part of your specific immune response? Select one: a. Skin b. "Eating"…

A: Ans- c) B- Cells The immune response in humans is divided into two defensive cooperative systems…

Q: Mark the following statements as true or false. If a statement is false, correct is to make a true…

A: A)  true B) false,  secondary immunue response is controlled by T- cells

Q: are released by helper T cells to mobilize immune cells and macrophages and attract other leukocytes…

A: Helper T cells are the T lymphocytes that activate the cytotoxic T cells and B cells.

Q: Which of the following cells is critically important in mounting an adaptive immune response?

A: Adaptive immune response is the response that is acquired by the body after exposure to a disease…

Q: The acquired ability to prevent an unnecessary or destructive immune reaction to a harmless foreign…

A: Immune tolerance is significant for ordinary physiology. Central tolerance is the fundamental way…

Q: Which of the following statements best characterizes interferons?

A: Answer ; Option (A) is right. - Interferons are a nonspecific defense used to respond to viruses. -…

Q: The two major types of phagocytic cells are_________ and_________. Select one: a. neutrophils;…

A: The objective of the question is to identify the two major types of phagocytic cells. Phagocytic…

Q: DiGeorge syndrome is a congenital disease that results in a poorly developed, nonfunctioning thymus…

A: Primary immunodeficiency are the immunodeficiency diseases which arises from the birth where as…

Q: Deficiencies in complement components C1–C4 are associated with _____. a. neutropenia b. chronic…

A: Deficiencies in complement components C1 - C4 are associated with immune - complex disease .…

Q: Which of the following statements regarding celiac disease is/are TRUE?A. Celiac disease, also known…

A: Celiac disease is resulting from an immune reaction to gliadin and is also called celiac sprue or…

Q: Which of these statements about gamma interferon is false? a. It is a polypeptide autocrine…

A: The interferon gamma is a dimerized soluble cytokine that is the only member of type II class of…

Q: A young woman was in a car accident and had to have her spleen removed as a consequence of its…

A: The spleen is a secondary lymphoid organ. It is also referred to as an enlarged lymph node. Spleen…

Q: which two of following statements are true for an antigen prsent cell such as dendritic cell? a.…

A: Answer :- Antigen-presenting cells (APCs) play a crucial role in the immune system by initiating and…

Q: All but one of the following occurs during the inflammatory response.  Select the example below that…

A: c. Vasoconstriction prevents excessive blood loss due to injury. It is the correct option.…

Q: If you could design a drug that increases extravasation at the endothelium, what is the most likely…

A: The leakage of blood, lymph, or other fluid, such as an anticancer drug, from a blood vessel or tube…

Q: These two cells destroy an infected cell by releasing chemicals that cause apoptosis. a. NK cell and…

A: A series of certain molecular reactions might cause the death of a biological cell. This phenomenon…

Q: 16. Which cell type assist and interact with both humoral and cell-mediated immunity? A. Macrophages…

A: 16) Helper T cells  along with B cells differentiate into plasma B cells which produces antibodies…

Q: mty Match each lettered term with the most closely related description. a. opsonization 1 Two…

A: immune system protect the child's body from any external invaders. These invaders are germs,…

Q: Which of the following is part of the second line of defense? a. Interferons b. Phagocytes c.…

A: The immune system shows immune response in three stages the first line of defence includes the…

Q: The type of cell responsible for the secondary response is a_________. Select one: a. mast cell b.…

A: The question is asking to identify the type of cell that is responsible for the secondary response…

Q: body: a. Active Artificial Acquired Immunity b. Passive Natural Acquired Immunity 17. · type of…

A: Question is related to immunology Solution given below Question no.18 and 19 are re-post separately

Q: Which of the following does not accurately describe complement components?   A. made by the spleen…

A: The complement system is the major effectors of the humoral branch of immune system; this is the…

Q: A(n) _____ is an inactive form of an enzyme that frequently participates in a cascade of enzymatic…

A: An enzyme is a catalytic molecule that increases the rate of a reaction without getting used up in…

Q: Considering the mechanisms of innate immunity, which of the following pairs is accurately matched?…

A: The objective of the question is to identify the correct pair that accurately describes the role of…

Q: Which of the following is not a goal of inflammation? A. Deliver oxygen, nutrients, and chemical…

A: In case of inflammation that can be several signs that characterized the condition. The redness,…

Q: Suppose a person recovers normally from viral infections, but then gets the same viral infections…

A: The B-lymphocytes or the B-cell and the the T-lymphocytes are t-cells are very important for the the…

Q: Select the letter of the choice that best completes the statement. The ability of the body to resist…

A: Humans can get affected by various kinds of diseases. Our body has its own mechanism to respond…

Q: Which of the following leads to swelling seen in an inflammation? a. Vasodilation  b. Complement…

A: Swelling is the result of the increased movement of fluid and white blood cells into the injured…

Q: Which of the following is TRUE about B cells? A. are lymphocytes B. become mature in the thymus…

A: B lymphocytes: It is named after its site of development n the bone marrow of humans or bursa of…

Q: of the choices, which cells stimulate directly B cells to divide and produce antibodies? a. mast…

A: The immune system provides defense against invading pathogens. It is a complex network of cells,…

Q: If B cells making high-affinity IgG4 are unable to switch to IgE at a late stage in the germinal…

A: Helminths are parasites that cause several infections.

Viral Infections

Viruses are abundantly found, minute entities that have genetic material enclosed within a protein coat. The proteinaceous material enclosing the genetic material of the virus is called a capsid. The genetic material could be either DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) or RNA (ribonucleic acid). A virus is too minute to be looked at with naked eyes and therefore visualized with the help of a microscope. They are acellular entities that require a host for processes, such as replication, transcription, translation and multiplication. Plants, animals, and bacteria act as host wherein the virus reproduce. Viruses cannot multiply outside the host's body and thus are considered nonliving outside the host body.