A child falls and receives a deep cut on her leg that went through her skin and is bleeding. Which of the following defense mechanisms will participate in eliminating contaminating microbes? A. ciliary escalator B. normal skin flora C. phagocytosis in the inflammatory response D. lysozyme

Q: Concerning the adaptive immunity, which of the following statements is CORRECT:  a. The adaptive…

A: The adaptive immune response does not occur very rapidly. Unlike the innate immune response, which…

Q: Which is not one of the four characteristic symptoms of inflammation a-Redness b-Swelling c-Pain…

A: Introduction: Inflammation is the procedure by which ones brain's white blood cells and also the…

Q: Jay, a young dad, takes his baby to the pediatrician several times in the first year of the child’s…

A: To explain: Why the visits of the baby to the pediatrician to stimulate to make memory cells against…

Q: Which of the following is part of the second line of defense against pathogens? a. skin b. mucus…

A: The immune system is made up of special organs, cells and chemicals that fight infection (microbes).…

Q: In HIV, helper T cells are affected. Describe how this impacts both the humoral and cell- mediated…

A: HIV (human immunodeficiency virus) is a virus that attacks the immune system of the body. It creates…

Q: Mark the following statements as true or false. If a statement is false, correct is to make a true…

A: A)  true B) false,  secondary immunue response is controlled by T- cells

Q: An example of an endogenous microorganism is: A.Fomites b.Skin bacteria present in dermatitis. c.Air…

A: The objective of the question is to identify an example of an endogenous microorganism from the…

Q: Although interferons have several effects, they are particularly useful against infections with…

A: Answer is b.)  viruses.

Q: Which of the following cells is critically important in mounting an adaptive immune response?

A: Adaptive immune response is the response that is acquired by the body after exposure to a disease…

Q: Which of the following triggers or enhances an inflammatory response? Select one: a. lysozyme Ob.…

A: answer :  The one which can enhance an inflammatory response is  Option : e) Cytokines

Q: The third line of defense includes: a. inflammation b. stomach’s digestive acid c. phagocytes d. MHC…

A: Answer is d.)  MHC proteins.

Q: An example of innate immune cells are: A. Macrophages B. Dendritic cells C. T cells D. B cells…

A:

Q: Which of the following is NOT a surface barrier serving as the first line of defense? a. mucus b.…

A: The body is protected from pathogens by various antipathogenic mechanisms going on in the various…

Q: A. vagina B. trachea and bronchi C. skin D. stomach E. mouth select A B C D E 1. villi pushing…

A: 1) vagina - low pH , antibodies and secretions  2) trachea and bronchi - villi pushing material…

Q: Bacterial capsules a. kill phagocytes b. prevent engulfment by phagocytes  c. prevent the…

A: The capsule is referred to as a pathogenicity since it increases bacteria's potential to produce…

Q: Invading bacteria are recognized by neutrophils, which engulf the bacteria and form a packet within…

A: Neutrophils comprises of around 40% to 70% of the WBC(white blood cells). These are the most…

Q: Which pathway of complement activation acts in conjunction with the action of antibodies? А. the…

A: Immunity is defined as the ability of an organism to resist infections by pathogens or it is the…

Q: Which of the following links the Innate immune system to the adaptive? a. Cytokines b. APC cells c.…

A: INTRODUCTION Antigen presenting cells This is atype of phagocyte. These cells shows antigens on…

Q: Which of the following best represents a second line of defense: a. Both A and C b. Fever c.…

A: Defense is the first line of attack against germs and antigens. There are three lines of defense:…

Q: In certain bacterial illnesses, particularly lung infections with Pseudomonas aeruginosa, a…

A: Introduction :- Pseudomonas is a type of bacteria that is found commonly in the environment, like in…

Q: Two of the major actions of complement are a. increased inflammatory response and cytolysis. b.…

A: The complement system gets activated when it comes in contact with the antibody molecule that is…

Q: Antigen-presenting cells make contact with T-cells via cellular junctions. Which of the following is…

A: There are different cell junctions that are present between the cells that help in cell…

Q: A 55-year-old male was diagnosed with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) after experiencing complications…

A: Rheumatoid arthritis is an autoimmune disease. An autoimmune disease refers to when the body's…

Q: Receiving someone else’s antibodies as a treatment for rabies would be considered: A.Natural active…

A: Immunity is the ability to fight against the foreign antigen and is able to resist the disease that…

Q: Which pertains to the immune response of a woman who has just inhaled a coronavirus to which she has…

A: Corona virus are a group of RNA viruses which causes disease in mammals and birds. They usually…

Q: The type of cell responsible for the secondary response is a_________. Select one: a. mast cell b.…

A: The question is asking to identify the type of cell that is responsible for the secondary response…

Q: A(n) _____ is an inactive form of an enzyme that frequently participates in a cascade of enzymatic…

A: An enzyme is a catalytic molecule that increases the rate of a reaction without getting used up in…

Q: Considering the mechanisms of innate immunity, which of the following pairs is accurately matched?…

A: The objective of the question is to identify the correct pair that accurately describes the role of…

Q: Toll-like receptors (TLRS) act to A. cause phagocytic chemotaxis. B. induce phagocytosis. C. bind…

A: The immune system of any living being is important for its living or survival. When the immune…

Q: Microbial products trigger macrophage activation. Match the receptor with the product that it binds.…

A: Toll like receptors (TLRs) are expressed in innate  immunity cells. For example in macrophages and…

Immunology

Immunology is the division of science involved with the immune reactions occurring in living organisms. The organisms are accustomed to evolving internal defense mechanisms to evade the invasion of microbial pathogens. Diverse cells are connected with stimulating the immune responses, which produce inhospitable conditions to the microbes prompting their lysis and thus inhibits the multiplication of the pathogens. The immune system can distinguish the pathogens through the aid of cellular intercommunication and launch responses to destroy them.