See Laboratory 5 Specific Information sheet for the Crew Assigned Station and Curve Elements. Given Point of Curvature (PC) Station: Given Tangent Deflection Angle (A): Given Radius (R): 0+25 130°00' 00¹" 61.00 Compute the elements of the given horizontal curve here below: Tangent (T): Arc Length (L): Cord Length (C): Compute the deflection angle and the cord length of the station intervals here below: Station L Deflection 0.00 Assigned PC Station: PT Station: next 20' interval station: next 20' interval station: next 20' interval station: next 20' interval station: next 20' interval station: next 20' interval station: next 20' interval station: next 20' interval station: next 20' interval station: next 20' interval station: External (E): Midordinate (M): Degree of Curvature (D): 00°00'00" Area = C 0.00 ompute the area between the long arc and the long cord of the given horizontal curve. Note point at PC, station PC Station PT station PC Station + L, Deflection = 4/2 L = this station - PC Station L = previous station + 20' L = previous station + 20' L = previous station + 20' L = previous station + 20¹ L = previous station + 20' L = previous station + 20¹ L = previous station + 20' L = previous station + 20' L = previous station + 20' sq. ft.

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Control Survey and Geodetic reductions

Control surveys or survey controls are used to establish reference points as a basis for various construction activities. Vertical and horizontal control points are to be established in a control survey to increase accuracy. After establishing the control points, all other types of surveys such as topographic, right-of-way, aerial mapping, construction layout, boundary surveys, and utility mapping can be worked upon so that control networks can be formed. The place from which the observations are made is called a survey station.