Sea water can be desalinated by using reverse osmosis. A plant treats 4,000 m3 /day of feed water containing 27,000 ppm of salinity. The product salinity is 300 ppm. What is the product recovery (desalinated water) based on the volume of the feed? The salinity of the brine output is 52,000 ppm.
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Sea water can be desalinated by using reverse osmosis. A plant treats 4,000 m3
/day of feed
water containing 27,000 ppm of salinity. The product salinity is 300 ppm. What is the
product recovery (desalinated water) based on the volume of the feed? The salinity of the
brine output is 52,000 ppm.
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- An ion exchange softener of 5 m3 volume is used to treat the raw water for a community. The absorptive capacity of medium is 90 kg/m3 at particular flow rate. The rate of flow from source is 25000 m3 /day. Determine the limiting hardness in treated water if ion exchanger softener is regenerated on daily basisA desalination plant produces 10,000 m3/day of brine with concentration of 80 g (gram)/L. This brine will be thrown into the ocean. But the concentration has to be lowered to 60 dS/m. How much seawater should be mixed with the brine if the seawater has a salinity of 3%.? Calculate how much salt is in the brine in Tons/day.Determine the size (L/h) of a proportioning pump to feed ferric chloride for a 0.438 m³/s water treatment plant. The optimum dose selected is 50 mg/L. Ferric chloride may be obtained in a liquid form that is 42% pure. The density of this solution is 1.797 kg/L.
- The treated waste water is being discharged into a river that has a temperature of 15°C. The BOD rate constant determined in the laboratory for this mixed water is 0.12 per day (base e) at 20°C (Temperature coefficient, 1.047). What fraction of maximum oxygen consumption will occur in first four days?Calculate the percent volatility of the solids given that an empty container weighs 15.7g. A sample from the aeration tank is put in the container. At temperature 104 degC , the container now weighs 21.2211g. It was further heated in a furnace with a temperature of 540degC and gained a constant weight of 20.5057.A water contains a suspended solids concentration of 10.30 mg · L−1. Coagulation reduces this to 1.0 mg · L−1. To accomplish this, an alum dose of 13.30 mg · L−1 is necessary. What is the dry weight of sludge produced (in kg · day−1) if the plant treats water at a rate of 1.884 m3 · s−1?
- A bio-tower composed of a modular plastic medium of 6 m is used as secondary treatment component in a municipal wastewater treatment plant. Flow from the primary clarifier is 25000 m³/day with 200 mg/1 BOD. The treatability constant is 0.06 per min. To produce an effluent with a soluble BOD of 20 mg/1, the surface area as per Eckenfelder (coefficient related to medium is 0.5) is approximately:The aeration tank influent flows at a rate of 1600 cu.m/day with BOD(biochemical oxygen demand) of 145 mg/L. The MLSS is around 200 mg/L. If the capacity of the aeration tank is 2000 cu.m, determine which of the following statements is true. a) The aeration tank is not operating in an ideal condition; there are excess bacteria that might go with the treated water b) The aeration tank is operating in good condition; BOD and bacteria are in ideal balance c) The aeration tank is operating in good condition; however, there is a need to control the flow rate of the feed d) The aeration tank is not operating in an ideal condition; need to add more bacteria to treat excess BODA small lake with volume 10,000 m3 has a stream flowing into it with flow rate 100 m3/day and a Toluene concentration of 1.0 mg/m3. A factory discharges 5 m3/day into the lake with Toluene concentration of 10 mg/m3 – they want to increase effluent to 50 mg/m3. Toluene decays at a rate of 0.01/day. Assume steady-state and completely mixed (CSTR). a) How would this increase in discharge concentration change the lake concentration? b) Field studies show that the same lake would be better represented by dividing the lake into two cells. The first cell having a volume of 2,500 m3 and the second with 7,500 m3. How does this affect the estimate of concentration leaving the lake? Compare with one-cell model.Assume the factory continues to discharge at 10 mg/m3 into the first cell.c) Why does modeling the lake as multiple cells impact the final concentration leaving the lake? What do you expect might happen to the final concentration leaving the lake if we modeled it as more cells? How would…
- Example 4-7: Single-stage softening A water with the ionic characteristics shown in the bar diagram below is to be softened to the minimum calcium hardness by the lime-soda ash process. Magnesium removal is not deemed necessary. 1. Calculate the chemical requirements and solids produced in milliequivalents per liter. 2. Draw a bar diagram for the finished water. 3. For a flow of 25,000 m³/d, calculate the daily chemical requirement and the mass of solids produced. Assume that the lime used is 90 percent pure and the soda ash is 85 percent pure. mequiv/L mequiv/L co 1.0 Ca²+ нсо; 3.5 5.0 Mg²+ 6.0 so²- Na 8.0 8.0Example 4-7: Single-stage softening A water with the ionic characteristics shown in the bar diagram below is to be softened to the minimum calcium hardness by the lime-soda ash process. Magnesium removal is not deemed necessary. 1. Calculate the chemical requirements and solids produced in milliequivalents per liter. 2. Draw a bar diagram for the finished water. 3. For a flow of 25,000 m³/d, calculate the daily chemical requirement and the mass of solids produced. Assume that the lime used is 90 percent pure and the soda ash is 85 percent pure. mequiv/L mequiv/L co 1.0 Ca²+ HCO3 3.5 5.0 Mg²+ 6.0 so²- Na 8.0 8.0An ion exchanger treats 1 MLD of water using an exchanger of capacity 100 kg/day/m3 with rate of flow being 0.5 m3/min/m2. Choose the correct statements assuming total hardness of water equal to 84 mg/1 as Cao. Total hardness of water is equal to 150 mg/l as CaCO3. Correct Option B Sodium Alumino - Silicates may be used as ion-exchanger. Correct Option lon exchanger can result in removing complete hardness. Correct Option Correct Option The height of ion exchanger required is 1.08 m if hardness of water is taken as 150 mg/1 as CacO3.