Chemistry
10th Edition
ISBN:9781305957404
Author:Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCoste
Publisher:Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCoste
Chapter1: Chemical Foundations
Section: Chapter Questions
Problem 1RQ: Define and explain the differences between the following terms. a. law and theory b. theory and...
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Concept explainers
States of Matter
The substance that constitutes everything in the universe is known as matter. Matter comprises atoms which in turn are composed of electrons, protons, and neutrons. Different atoms combine together to give rise to molecules that act as a foundation for all kinds of substances. There are five states of matter based on their energies of attraction, namely solid, liquid, gases, plasma, and BEC (Bose-Einstein condensates).
Chemical Reactions and Equations
When a chemical species is transformed into another chemical species it is said to have undergone a chemical reaction. It consists of breaking existing bonds and forming new bonds by changing the position of electrons. These reactions are best explained using a chemical equation.
Question
![### Exercise: Ranking Compounds by Acidity
**Objective:** Rank the following compounds in order of increasing acidity (1 = least acidic; 3 = most acidic).
---
#### Section (a)
1. **Compound 1: Methyl Acetate**
Structure: \[ \text{Me--C(=O)--O--H} \]
Description: A carboxylic acid derivative with a methyl group.
2. **Compound 2: Dimethyl Acetone**
Structure: \[ \text{Me--C(=O)--C(=O)--Me} \]
Description: A diketone compound with two carbonyl groups.
3. **Compound 3: Methyl Amide**
Structure: \[ \text{Me--C(=O)--NH--H} \]
Description: An amide with a methyl group.
Below each structure is a blank rectangle where the ranking number can be entered.
---
#### Section (b)
1. **Compound 4: Methyl Formate**
Structure: \[ \text{Me--C(=O)--O--H} \]
2. **Compound 5: Propionic Acid**
Structure: \[ \text{Me--CH2--C(=O)--O--H} \]
3. **Compound 6: Succinic Acid**
Structure: \[ \text{HO--C(=O)--CH2--CH2--C(=O)--O--H} \]
Each compound is followed by a blank rectangle for the ranking.
---
#### Section (c)
1. **Phenol**
Structure: \[ \text{Ph--O--H} \]
2. **Thiophenol**
Structure: \[ \text{Ph--S--H} \]
3. **Selenophenol**
Structure: \[ \text{Ph--Se--H} \]
Each of these structures has a blank rectangle for filling in the ranking.
---
#### Section (d)
1. **Propyne**
Structure: \[ \text{HC≡C--CH2--H} \]
2. **Hydrazine**
Structure: \[ \text{H2N--NH--H} \]
3. **Water**
Structure](/v2/_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fcontent.bartleby.com%2Fqna-images%2Fquestion%2F7e3218aa-1b65-42a2-9071-7edb43c3a555%2Ff99d8cf1-f79d-4a40-b10d-ca393869326b%2Flzdqoth_processed.png&w=3840&q=75)
Transcribed Image Text:### Exercise: Ranking Compounds by Acidity
**Objective:** Rank the following compounds in order of increasing acidity (1 = least acidic; 3 = most acidic).
---
#### Section (a)
1. **Compound 1: Methyl Acetate**
Structure: \[ \text{Me--C(=O)--O--H} \]
Description: A carboxylic acid derivative with a methyl group.
2. **Compound 2: Dimethyl Acetone**
Structure: \[ \text{Me--C(=O)--C(=O)--Me} \]
Description: A diketone compound with two carbonyl groups.
3. **Compound 3: Methyl Amide**
Structure: \[ \text{Me--C(=O)--NH--H} \]
Description: An amide with a methyl group.
Below each structure is a blank rectangle where the ranking number can be entered.
---
#### Section (b)
1. **Compound 4: Methyl Formate**
Structure: \[ \text{Me--C(=O)--O--H} \]
2. **Compound 5: Propionic Acid**
Structure: \[ \text{Me--CH2--C(=O)--O--H} \]
3. **Compound 6: Succinic Acid**
Structure: \[ \text{HO--C(=O)--CH2--CH2--C(=O)--O--H} \]
Each compound is followed by a blank rectangle for the ranking.
---
#### Section (c)
1. **Phenol**
Structure: \[ \text{Ph--O--H} \]
2. **Thiophenol**
Structure: \[ \text{Ph--S--H} \]
3. **Selenophenol**
Structure: \[ \text{Ph--Se--H} \]
Each of these structures has a blank rectangle for filling in the ranking.
---
#### Section (d)
1. **Propyne**
Structure: \[ \text{HC≡C--CH2--H} \]
2. **Hydrazine**
Structure: \[ \text{H2N--NH--H} \]
3. **Water**
Structure
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