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Scientists today can use many investigative methods to study evolution. Which method was developed after Darwin's time? O DNA comparisons observations comparison of fossils experimentation

Scientists today can use many investigative methods to study evolution. Which method was developed after Darwin's time? O DNA comparisons observations comparison of fossils experimentation

Human Anatomy & Physiology (11th Edition)
Human Anatomy & Physiology (11th Edition)
11th Edition
ISBN:9780134580999
Author:Elaine N. Marieb, Katja N. Hoehn
Publisher:Elaine N. Marieb, Katja N. Hoehn
Chapter1: The Human Body: An Orientation
Section: Chapter Questions
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**Question:** Scientists today can use many investigative methods to study evolution. Which method was developed after Darwin's time? **Options:** - ⃝ DNA comparisons - ⃝ observations - ⃝ comparison of fossils - ⃝ experimentation
Transcribed Image Text:**Question:** Scientists today can use many investigative methods to study evolution. Which method was developed after Darwin's time? **Options:** - ⃝ DNA comparisons - ⃝ observations - ⃝ comparison of fossils - ⃝ experimentation
**Speciation and Geographic Isolation: Understanding the Factors** --- **Question:** A student argues that being separated geographically is the only way for speciation to occur. Why is he wrong? **Options:** 1. **Speciation does not usually rely on geographic isolation.** 2. **Speciation can occur from biological forces as well.** 3. **Speciation can occur from variation as well.** 4. **Speciation does not result from adaptive radiation.** --- **Explanation of Concepts:** Speciation is the evolutionary process by which populations evolve to become distinct species. While geographic isolation (allopatric speciation) is a common mechanism, it is not the only way speciation can occur. The correct answer here is **option 2: "Speciation can occur from biological forces as well."** Let's delve into more detail on this subject: - **Allopatric Speciation:** This occurs when biological populations are physically separated by an extrinsic barrier and evolve intrinsic (genetic) reproductive isolation. This is often what people think of when they think about speciation, such as the formation of new species on islands. - **Sympatric Speciation:** This process occurs without physical separation. It can happen due to genetic differences, ecological niches, or even sexual selection within the same geographical area. - **Peripatric and Parapatric Speciation:** These are intermediate types where a small population is isolated at the edge of a larger one (peripatric), or populations that are adjacent to each other but do not completely overlap (parapatric). **Understanding the Forces Behind Speciation:** - **Biological Forces:** Includes mutation, natural selection, genetic drift, and gene flow. These forces can lead to speciation even in the absence of physical barriers. - **Variation:** Genetic variability within a population is crucial for speciation. Different traits may become advantageous in different environments or conditions, leading to reproductive isolation. - **Adaptive Radiation:** A process in which organisms diversify rapidly into a multitude of new forms, especially when a change in the environment makes new resources available, creates new challenges, or opens new environmental niches. **Conclusion:** While geographic isolation is a significant factor in many cases of speciation, biological forces and genetic variations also play critical roles. Moreover, dismissing the contribution of these internal mechanisms might present an incomplete understanding of the rich and complex nature of how new species evolve. --- This transcription and explanation aim to foster a comprehensive understanding
Transcribed Image Text:**Speciation and Geographic Isolation: Understanding the Factors** --- **Question:** A student argues that being separated geographically is the only way for speciation to occur. Why is he wrong? **Options:** 1. **Speciation does not usually rely on geographic isolation.** 2. **Speciation can occur from biological forces as well.** 3. **Speciation can occur from variation as well.** 4. **Speciation does not result from adaptive radiation.** --- **Explanation of Concepts:** Speciation is the evolutionary process by which populations evolve to become distinct species. While geographic isolation (allopatric speciation) is a common mechanism, it is not the only way speciation can occur. The correct answer here is **option 2: "Speciation can occur from biological forces as well."** Let's delve into more detail on this subject: - **Allopatric Speciation:** This occurs when biological populations are physically separated by an extrinsic barrier and evolve intrinsic (genetic) reproductive isolation. This is often what people think of when they think about speciation, such as the formation of new species on islands. - **Sympatric Speciation:** This process occurs without physical separation. It can happen due to genetic differences, ecological niches, or even sexual selection within the same geographical area. - **Peripatric and Parapatric Speciation:** These are intermediate types where a small population is isolated at the edge of a larger one (peripatric), or populations that are adjacent to each other but do not completely overlap (parapatric). **Understanding the Forces Behind Speciation:** - **Biological Forces:** Includes mutation, natural selection, genetic drift, and gene flow. These forces can lead to speciation even in the absence of physical barriers. - **Variation:** Genetic variability within a population is crucial for speciation. Different traits may become advantageous in different environments or conditions, leading to reproductive isolation. - **Adaptive Radiation:** A process in which organisms diversify rapidly into a multitude of new forms, especially when a change in the environment makes new resources available, creates new challenges, or opens new environmental niches. **Conclusion:** While geographic isolation is a significant factor in many cases of speciation, biological forces and genetic variations also play critical roles. Moreover, dismissing the contribution of these internal mechanisms might present an incomplete understanding of the rich and complex nature of how new species evolve. --- This transcription and explanation aim to foster a comprehensive understanding
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